Biology 8.1-8.2 TEST

1. Which are the main points of the cell theory? Select all that apply.

a. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

b. New cells are produced from existing cells.

d. All living things are made up of cells.

2. Which describes a eukaryotic cell, but not a prokaryotic cell?

d. Contains DNA in a nucleus.

3. Which model shows a prokaryotic cell?

a. Model I because it has no nucleus just kinda like a ball

4. Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between plant cells and animal cells?

d. Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall. Animal cells are not.

Choose the category that best describes each trait:

7. Cells contain DNA

8. All of these cells are unicellular organisms

9. DNA is contained within a membrane-bound nucleus

10. Cells are generally much smaller and more primitive

11. Cells do not use energy

7. C. Both.

8. A. Prokaryote.

9. B. Eukaryote.

10. A. Prokaryote.

11. D. Neither.

13. Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between bacterial cells and animal cells?

c. Animal cells have a membrane surrounding their nucleus. Bacterial cells do not.

14. A student is developing a model to show how most proteins are synthesized in animal cells. Which organelles would be least useful for the student to include in the model?

c. Cell wall and chloroplasts.

15. Which cell type would be best for studying lysosomes?

b. White blood cell (macrophage).

16. Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

17. Which organelle is the primary site of ATP (energy) synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

b. Mitochondrion.

18. What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

e. ER → Golgi → Vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

19. Vesicles are coming from letter C and letter B. Which organelles are these?

C = Golgi (little slabs)

B = Rough ER. (looks like peas inside the cocoon)

20. The function of which cell part is most similar to that of the human excretory system?

a. Vacuole because it helps remove waste products

21. A cell is represented in the diagram below. The coded information that the cell uses to synthesize many different proteins is stored in which structure?

a. Nucleus.

22. Plants in areas with short growing seasons often have more chloroplasts in their cells than plants in areas with longer growing seasons. Compared to plants in areas with longer growing seasons, plants in areas with shorter growing seasons most likely:

b. Have a higher rate of protein metabolism.

23. Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function?

c. Ribosome—synthesis of proteins.

24. Scientists have evidence that which of the following organelles descended from ancient bacteria that used oxygen to break down energy molecules and ancient bacteria that could make energy from sunlight?

d. Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

25. The ___ controls what enters and leaves the cell.

d. Cell membrane.

26. Which cell(s) are eukaryotic?

Any that have a mitochondria (A, C, D, E)

27. Which cell(s) are prokaryotic?

Have no mitochondria, ER, golgi, or lysosomes (B)

28. Which cell(s) could be muscle cells?

Based on the table, identify cells with large numbers of mitochondria. (A,C)

29. Earth's early atmosphere had less than 1% free oxygen. Which organisms are responsible for the increase of oxygen to today's levels of 20%?

c. Photosynthesizing prokaryotes.

30. An amoeba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process the digested food. From this, we can best infer that:

d. Structures in amoebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms.

31. Mitochondria provide ribosomes with:

a. ATP for protein synthesis.

32. The cell membrane is made up of a lipid bilayer. Which of the following describes the structure and function of the cell membrane?

a. The hydrophilic head groups are exposed to the outside of the cell and cytoplasm, which is a water-like environment. The hydrophobic tails form an oily layer inside the membrane that keeps water out of the cell.