Islam Quiz Review (main ideas & vocabulary)

The three caliphates (Orthodox, Umayyad & Abbasid)

  Rightly guided, Umayyad, Abbasid 

  Rightly guided 

• 632-661 C.E 

• Capital: Mecca

• 4 men

1. Abu-bakr

2. Omar

3. Uthman

4. Ali

Umayyad 

• 661-750 C.E

• Capital: Damascus

• Created largest empire (from spain to india)

Abbasid

• 750-1200s C.E

• Capital: Baghdad

• Created a golden age

Three reasons why Islam spread so far and fast

1.  Strong military fighters, weak resistance 

2.  Religious devotion/ fought for their religion

3.  Arabian peninsula was overpopulated

Three choices given to people in conquered areas

1.  Convert to Islam (most likely to be chosen)

2.  Pay a tax and don't convert

3.  die

Sunni vs. Shiite branches – how the split happened and what are their differences

• Differences 

• Sunni was majority of islam (80%) they just wanted a religious figure that followed Mahammad’s teaching 

• Shiites wanted Ali (the blood relative) to be the caliph, (20%) 

• How the split happened 

It was a disagreement over who the next leader/caliph should be after Muhammad death. So they split into what they believed.

Describe what made the Golden Age of Islam (under Abbasid rule) golden

It was golden because, they were basically an advancement in time, they created advances in science, math, and chemistry, they preserved and translated ancient texts and created art, and architecture and the learning of Baghdad spread.

Arabia

Arabian peninsula 

Bedouin

nomadic desert people

Muslim

A follower of the religion islam /One who submits or surrenders

Islam

The religion of the muslims/ submit or surrender to God 

Sunni

80% of all mustims (Abu-bakr) (the 2 main branches os islam)

Shiite (Shi’a)

20% (leader should be blood)

Kaaba

a cube in the sacred building in Islam located in Mecca (black rock)

Mosque

a muslim place of worship (holy house)

Caliph

a successor to the prophet mahammad 

Quran (Koran)

holy book

Jihad

Holy war, (fight people who are not Islam)( fight “yourself” / inner self )

Hijrah (Hegira)

his followers from mecca to medina

Baghdad

Abbasid capital

Damascus

umayyad capital

Mecca

Holy town in the islamic world

Alchemy

trying to turn ordinary metals into gold, discovered alchemy

Astrolabe

the tool used to study starts and navigation