organic biochem lab final

Which of the following is true about the oxidation of a tertiary alcohol

They can not get oxidized

Which two monosaccharides make up the disaccharide sucrose; is sucrose a reducing sugar?

Fructose and glucose, no

When doing a TLC test what does a pure sample look like

A single spot on the chromatogram

When adding bromine to a tube with hexane in it and shining a UV light on it, what reaction is expected?

Free radical substitution, halogenation of an alkane

What is a benzene ring

six carbon ring

Which option depicts an alkane like bond

A single covalent bond

You run a TLC plate with aspirin, acetaminophen and a mystery analgesic that you created. The R value for the

aspirin is 0.64, the R value for the acetaminophen is 0.28 and the R value for your substance is 0.62. Most likely,

what is your substance

Ibuprophen

Do ketoses get oxidized

Yes, by getting isomerized and converted to an aldose

Why is adding ethanol effective for someone with methanol poisoning

Acts as a competitive inhibitor for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

Saponification can best be described as…

Hydrolysis of a fat or oil

A positive Fehling’s test mean…

Able to be oxidized, presence of reducing agent 

Which of the following cannot be oxidized

Tertiary alcohol

What monosaccharides make up sucrose

Fructose and glucose

What test do you use to determine if a sugar is a reducing sugar?

the benedict’s test

True or false: water is more dense than hexane

True

What is lactose?

Glucose and galactose, found in milk

What does alcohol dehydrogenase have to react with

An alcohol and a cofactor

The product of an oxidized aldehyde is which of the following?

Carboxylic acid

What does the Haworth projection represent in the structure of a sugar molecule

2 dimensional representation to show stereochemistry

Explain the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions and provide an example of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Lower the activation energy, protein breakdown

Describe the process of substrate specificity in enzyme action and its significance in biochemical reactions

Enzymes have a single, targeted biochemical reactions. Important for managing metabolic reactions

You are pouring acetic acid into your container to start conducting an experiment. You realize you drip some on your hand. What should you do?

Report incident then wash your hand

Explain how soap removes oil and other hydrophobic particles when washing your hands

The hydrophobic tails trap grease and the heads repel water and a miscille  is formed 

The melting temperature of the compound you synthesized is lower than the literature value, what conclusions can you draw from this result?

It is likely impure

What carbohydrate contains a ketone functional group?

fructose

What is the primary role of sulfuric acid in the synthesis of aspirin

Acts as an acid catalyst, protonating acetic anhydride

What is the byproduct of the esterification reaction in aspirin synthesis

acetic acid

Describe the waste container for: FeCl3

Transition metal

Describe the waste container for: Hydrocarbon reacted with bromine

Halogenated organic waste

Describe the waste container for: Ethanol

non-haloganted organic waste

How can I apply something I learned in lab to my future career?

I am taking a class to become a dietitian. It is really important to know the small details about food to look at thee bigger picture. For example we had a lab where we looked at protein and lipid hydrolysis. In that lab I added lipase to milk which broke it down, which I could see in the ph color change. Knowing small details like this would be helpful for me if I am dealing with someone who has a lactose intolerant to know it could be from lack of lipase

What is the empirical formula for carbohydrates

(CH2O)n

What are the products of hydrolysis of maltose

two molecules of glucose

When oxidizing a primary or secondary alcohol with a chromic acid reagent, what color presenta positive test for total oxidation

Green

In Fehling’s test with carbohydrates, a reduced sugar in the solution will present what color

red

What does ADH stand for

Alcohol dehydrogenase

What enzyme breaks down starch into its monosaccharide glucose

amylase

Which of the following compounds contains a chiral center

carbohydrates

When we synthesized alcohol aspirin in the lab, we also tested for impurities using heat. What is the main expected impurity

Salicylic acid

When is it safe to remove your goggles

After lab, when all the chemicals go away

What are the three peptidases and their specific actions

Endopeptidase: break long proteins into smaller peptide fragments

Amino peptidase: removing signal amino acids or peptides from N-terminal

Carboxypeptidase: hydrolyzes peptide bonds from C terminal 

What does it mean for a sugar to be reducing, which sugar is a non-reducing sugar and why?

Able to be oxidized, sucrose because it is locked and cant be oxidized

Briefly describe how an electrophoresis gel works in seperating DNA strands

Using an electrical field to move the negatively charged DNA through a matrix and separates by size

What type of reaction do hydrocarbons produce

combustion

In lab 8 we used two chemicals in order to see the reactions of the alcohols, aldehydes NAD, and NADH. What are two chemicals that we use? 

Alcohol dehydrogenase and sodium borohydride

What is the purpose of ADH? Where can it be isolated from?

Break down alcohols, isolated from the liver

In the synthesis of aspirin acetic anhydride is used rather than acetic acid. Explain why

It is a more effective acetylating, acetate is a better leaving group than hydroxyl group agent

Describe the biological polymers that we discussed in class (name at least 2)

Protein, DNA and RNA, polysaccharides, lipids

What is the purpose of a molecular modeling lab?

To see the 3d shape of organic molecules

What lab helped you to solidify concepts in class the most

The molecular modeling lab

What do function group does a carbohydrate include?

Carbonyl, ketone, or aldehyde

Why can humans digest starch (a-glucose) and not cellulose (b-glucose) 

Lack the necessary enzymes for cellulose 

You are working with a solution of ethanol, NAD+ (coenzyme), and an enzyme. Which of the following will not effect of the rate of the enzyme catalyzed, oxidation reaction?

Volume of solution

What is an anomer?

The steroisomer of a carbohydrate that can either be alpha or beta

What is the difference between ribose and 2 deoxydibose

Lacking an Oh group on the 2nd carbon

What function group does a positive tollens oxidation test indicate the presence of

Aldehyde

What constitutes and a or b sugar

If the oh on the anomeric carbon is pointing up or down

What does halogenation of an alkene yield

And alkane with 2 halogens added 

What type of isomer has an alkene has two of the same groupw on the same side of the double bond?

Cis

what is the function of enzymes?

lower activation energy

What is the name of the area where a substrate binds to a protein chain?

Active site

What are polysaccharides?

Many monosaccharides linked together

What is a redox reaction?

Oxygen gets removed and/or hydrogen added

Sarah is trying to identify an unknown compound. From her experiments, she has noted that this compound reacts

with bromine only under UV light and is NOT water soluble. Which of the following is more likely the unknown

compound.

an alkane

Which class of enzyme is amylase

A hydrolase

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A double or triple bond

How do you calculate Rf value?

Divide the distance a substance travled by the distance the solvent front travled

Which of the following is a type of protein denaturation?

Cooking an egg, curdling milk, whipping cream

Pepsin digests ______ into _______ in the ________

protein, peptides, stomach

When oxidizing a primary or secondary alcohol with a chromic acid reagent, what color present a positive test for total oxidation

orange to a blue/green

Explain how a breathalyzer works

The alcohol gets absorbed into the bloodstream and circulated throughout the body including the lungs so when exhaled a breath test can pick it up