Nervous System Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to the nervous system, including its structure, functions, neuron types, and neurophysiology.

What are the main divisions of the nervous system?

The main divisions are the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What is the role of the central nervous system?

The CNS, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, is responsible for processing information and controlling the body.

What type of neuron carries information towards the spinal cord?

Sensory (afferent) neurons carry information towards the spinal cord.

What type of neuron transmits information away from the spinal cord to the body?

Motor (efferent) neurons transmit information away from the spinal cord to body organs and muscles.

What is a synapse?

A synapse is the junction where a nerve and muscle/organ or interneuron meet.

What are neurotransmitters?

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that relay signals across synapses.

Define reflex arc.

A reflex arc is the pathway that a nerve impulse travels through to generate a reflex action.

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

The two branches are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for stress/action, often referred to as the 'fight or flight' response.

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to a state of rest and conserves energy.

What condition is characterized by the degeneration of myelin on neurons?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the degeneration of myelin on neurons.

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

The myelin sheath insulates axons and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.

What protective feature does the blood-brain barrier provide?

The blood-brain barrier protects the brain by restricting the passage of harmful substances from the bloodstream.

What is an action potential?

An action potential is an electrochemical signal that travels along a nerve.

What is the role of interneurons?

Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons and are located in the spinal cord.