Study Guide for Exam 2 - Chapters 5 and 6

A collection of vocabulary flashcards derived from the lecture notes covering key concepts related to substance use disorder and addiction.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD)

A condition defined by a problematic pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress.

Criteria 1-4 (SUD)

Indicators of impaired control over substance use.

Criteria 5-9 (SUD)

Indicators of risky use of substance and social impairment.

Criteria 10-11 (SUD)

Pharmacological indicators of substance use disorder.

Addiction as a Disease

The recognition of addiction as a medical issue rather than a moral failing.

Early Temperance Movements

Movements that viewed addiction as a moral failing and emphasized punishment over treatment.

Predisposition Theory

The idea that drug addiction is inherited and not caused by the substance itself.

Drug Exposure Theory

The belief that addiction develops as a result of repeated exposure to a drug.

Vulnerability Concept

A model that integrates both preexisting factors and external drug exposure in the development of drug dependence.

Genetic Predisposition

The inherited risk factor that may contribute to substance dependence.

Positive Reinforcement

The principle that behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes are likely to be repeated.

Negative Reinforcement

The process of increasing behaviors by removing negative outcomes or stimuli.

Hypertkatifeia

A state of excessive aversion or distress associated with drug cessation.

Mesocorticolimbic dopamine system

A neural pathway involved in reward processing and addiction.

Dopamine Release

The process by which dopamine is secreted in response to rewards.

Unconditional Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically elicits a response without conditioning.

Conditional Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after conditioning, evokes a response.

Sensitization

An increased response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.

Anti-reward System

Brain mechanisms that activate in response to drug withdrawal, leading to negative affect.

Neuroadaptation

Changes in the brain that occur due to prolonged substance use.

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

Treatment for substance use disorders that involves the use of medications to help manage withdrawal and cravings.

BAC/BAL

Blood Alcohol Concentration/ Blood Alcohol Level, measures of alcohol intoxication.

GABA Receptors

Receptors that mediate inhibitory effects of neurotransmitters like alcohol.

Glutamate and NMDA Receptors

Receptors involved in excitatory neurotransmission, impaired by alcohol.

Opioid Peptides

Neurotransmitters suggested to mediate pleasure and reward.

Hedonic Dysregulation

A theory suggesting that chronic drug use leads to an imbalance in pleasure and pain systems.

Incentive Sensitization Theory

A theory that suggests repeated drug use sensitizes the brain's reward system, increasing cravings.

Behavioral Control Circuits

Networks of brain regions involved in motivation, memory, and executive function.

Psychoactive Drugs

Substances that affect mental processes and behavior.

Phenyl-2-Propanone (P2P)

A key chemical used in the synthesis of methamphetamine.

Shake and Bake

A colloquial term for a method of making methamphetamine quickly and with minimal equipment.

list some of the vulnerabilities that are believed to ‘add up’ and lead to drug dependence

Genetic predisposition

Age: adolescence>adults

Sex: female>male

Stress: poor coping mechanisms

Low socio-economic status