Ions: Transfer of Electrons and Ionic Compounds

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to ions and ionic compounds as discussed in the lecture notes.

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

Octet Rule

A principle stating that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell.

Ionic Bond

The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound.

Ionic Charge

The electrical charge of an ion, indicating the difference between the number of protons and electrons.

Monatomic Ion

An ion formed from a single atom.

Polyatomic Ion

A charged ion composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together.

Transition Element

Elements that can form more than one positive ion and belong to groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table.

Electron Configuration

The distribution of electrons in an atom's orbital structure, revealing the arrangement of its electrons.

Charge Balance

A principle stating that the total positive charge must equal the total negative charge in an ionic compound.

Formula Unit

The simplest whole-number ratio of the ions in an ionic compound.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds formed through ionic bonds between cations and anions, resulting in charge-neutral compounds.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed when two nonmetals share electrons.

Hydrogen Ion

A positively charged ion (H+) that results when a hydrogen atom loses its electron.

Electron Transfer

The process of electrons being transferred from one atom to another during the formation of ionic bonds.

Chemical Formula

A representation of a compound using chemical symbols and numbers to denote the types and numbers of atoms.

Electron Affinity

The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion.

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.