DNA Translation
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37 Terms
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What is translation?
synthesis of a polypeptide from mRNA
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What is a codon
codes for a specific amino acid during translation
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How many nucleotides in a normal codon
3
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Where does translation occur
Ribosomes
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Can codons overlap
no.
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What is the function of mRNA
specifies the amino acid sequence of the polypeptideW
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What is the function of tRNA
reads mRNA and carries amino acids
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What is the function of rRNA
ensures the right amino acid is being used and catalyzes the binding between amino acids
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What is a charged tRNA
tRNA with an amino acid
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What is the function of ribosomes
site of polypeptide synthesis
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Are ribosomes reusable
Hell yeah
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What is the large subunit of a ribosome comprised of
3 rRNAs and 49 proteins
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What is the small subunit of a ribosome comprised of
1 rRNA and 33 proteins
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What are the 3 binding sites on a ribosome
A site
P site
E site
P site
E site
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What happens at the A site
tRNA binds to the ribosome before adding the amino acid
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What happens at the P site
tRNA and the amino acid just sits there
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What happens at the E site
tRNAs leave the ribosome lol
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What happens in the initiation phase
assembly of ribosome
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What happens in the elongation phase
synthesis of polypeptide
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What happens in the termination phase
end of translation
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What happens in the initiation phase for prokaryotes
ribosomal subunit binds to the binding site on the mRNA
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What happens in the initiation phase for eukaryotes
ribosomal subunit binds to 5’ cap of mRNA
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What are the two reactions in elongation
breaking of the bond between tRNA and the amino acid at the P site
peptide bond with the amino acid at the P site with the amino acid at the A site
peptide bond with the amino acid at the P site with the amino acid at the A site
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Where does the uncharged tRNA move to
E site to dissociate from ribosome
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When does elongation stop
When it reaches the stop codon… dumbass
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True or false: stop codons correspond to an amino acid or they bind to a tRNA
False
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True or false: mRNAs can be long and can interact with more than one ribosome
True facts
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What is a polyribosome
mRNA with multiple ribosomes and growing polypeptides
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A polypeptide may need a \[blank\] to fold correctly (if it wasn’t clear, fill in the blank)
chaperone protein
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What is a signal recognition particle (SRP)
protein RNA complex that recognizes signal peptides
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What is subsititution
nucleotide replaced with another
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What is a silent mutation
resulting codon is for the same amino acid
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What is a missense mutation
Codon is for a different amino acid
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What is a nonsense mtation
Resulting codon is “stop”
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What is amino acid insertion/deletion
adds/removes an amino acid
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What is a frameshift
alters the reading frame of a gene
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Does an amino acid insertion/deletion affect the reading frame
Nah fam
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