Primary Growth

Primary Growth

Irreversible increase in size through cell division and enlargement in plants.

Cell Differentiation

Structural and biochemical changes in cells for specialized functions.

Primary Growth

Irreversible increase in size through cell division and enlargement in plants.

Cell Differentiation

Structural and biochemical changes in cells for specialized functions.

Meristems

Tissues in plants responsible for cell division and growth.

Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM):

Meristematic tissue at shoot tips, responsible for primary growth in stems.

Root Apical Meristem (RAM)

Meristematic tissue at root tips, initiating primary growth in roots.

Apical Dominance

Inhibition of lateral bud growth by the terminal bud's dominance.

Protoderm

Gives rise to the epidermis in plants

Procambium

Tissue forming vascular bundles in plants

Ground Meristem

Differentiates into cortex and pith tissues in stems

Quiescent Center

Slowly dividing cells in the root apical meristem, activated during stress

Axillary Bud

Forms lateral shoots or branches in a plant

Pith (Stem)

Central core of parenchyma cells in stems, stores starch in some plants

Apical/Terminal Bud

Located near the shoot tip, responsible for elongating the shoot

Cortex (Stem)

Outer layer of ground tissue in stems, facilitates diffusion and stores food reserves

Pericycle

Single layer of cells in the root from which lateral roots arise

Primary Xylem and Phloem

Vascular tissues transporting water and nutrients in plants

Trichomes

Hairs on stems and leaves, aiding in protection and moisture regulation

Interdependence of Root and Shoot Systems

Mutual reliance for nutrients and support between root and shoot systems in plants

Cell Division

Process leading to an increase in cell number in plants, contributing to growth

Secondary Meristems

Tissues producing secondary growth, enabling plants to grow larger and older

Vascular Cylinder (Stele)

Central part of the root, housing vascular tissues like xylem and phloem

Absorption of Water and Minerals

Occurs primarily near root tips and through root hairs, vital for plant nutrition

Leaf Primordia

Leaf Primordia

Collenchyma Cells

Provides support to stems, found just beneath the epidermis

Axillary Bud Growth

Initiated when terminal bud is removed, promoting lateral branching in plants

Rhizomes

Modified stems aiding in storage or vegetative propagation in plants

Shoot System

Comprised of stems, leaves, and flowers, responsible for conducting water and nutrients

Bark Composition

Composed of periderm and secondary phloem, outer protective layers in stems

Casparian Strips

Found in the endodermis, helping regulate mineral absorption in roots.

Apical Meristems Limitations

Factors like scarcity of nutrients or structural constraints eventually cease plant growth

Lateral Branching

Initiated when apical bud is removed, allowing axillary buds to form branches

Quiescent Center Activation

Reactivated during stress to replace meristematic cells in the root cap meristem