38-41 Demographic transition

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Theory of demographic transition

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12 Terms

1

Theory of demographic transition

The theory that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth

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2

Developed country

A country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income

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3

Developing country

A country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income

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4

Developing countries usually have

Higher infant mortality rates and more children in the workforce than developed countries

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5

Affluence

The state of having plentiful wealth including the possession of money, goods, or property

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6

Phase 1: Pre-Industrial

slow population growth because high birth rates and high death rates offset each other

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7

Phase 2: Industrializing

rapid population growth because birth rates
remain high but death rates decline because of better sanitation, clean drinking water, availability of food and health care

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8

Phase 3: Industrialized

stable population growth as the economy and
educational system improve and people have fewer children

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9

Phase 4: Post-Industrial

Declining population growth because the relatively high level of affluence and economic development encourage women to delay having children

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10

IPAT equation

An equation used to estimate the impact of the
human lifestyle on the environment: impact = population × affluence × technology (sometimes x sensitivity as well)

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11

A country’s affluence often corresponds with

with its resource use and level of impact

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12

Gross domestic product (GDP)

A measure of the value of all products and services produced in one year in one country

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