Structural details of multipolar neurons

Multipolar Neuron

A type of neuron characterized by multiple dendrites extending from its soma, allowing for the integration of a large amount of information.

Dendritic Tree

A well-developed structure of multiple dendrites that increases the surface area for receiving synaptic inputs.

Axon Hillock

The cone-shaped region of an axon where action potentials are initiated; important for summation of input signals.

Action Potential (A.P.)

An electrical impulse that travels along the axon, triggered when the membrane potential reaches a threshold.

Input Zone

A part of the neuron where dendrites receive stimuli and chemical signals (neurotransmitters).

Soma

The cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus and organelles necessary for cellular functions.

EPSP (Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential)

A small depolarization in the post-synaptic membrane that makes the neuron more likely to fire an action potential.

IPSP (Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential)

A small hyperpolarization in the post-synaptic membrane that makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential.

Phospholipid Bilayer

The double layer of phospholipids that makes up the neuron cell membrane, which is critical for maintaining membrane potential.

Kinesin

A motor protein that transports cellular cargo along microtubules within the axon.

Synaptic Cleft

The gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons where neurotransmitter release and receptor binding occur.

Anterograde Transport

Movement of substances away from the cell body toward the axon terminals.

Glial Cells

Supportive cells in the nervous system that do not conduct electrical impulses but provide various types of support.

Golgi Bodies

Organelles that process and package proteins for export to specific locations within or outside the cell.

Nissl Bodies

Clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the soma involved in protein synthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles that generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell, required for numerous cellular processes.

Conductive Zone

Comprised of the axon

Integrative Zone

Comprised of axon hillock only

Release Zone

Comprised of axon terminal; functions to store, release, and reclaim NTs

Hillock

The densest collection of voltage gated Na+ channels