6.2.2: Understanding news production and its effects

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4 Terms

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the social manufacture of the news

  • highly partial account of reality

  • only a tiny fraction of events occuring within societies and across the globe are ever reported

  • end result of a process of selection by editors and journalists

    • gatekeepers - control the flow of information

  • guided by news values

    • what journalists, editors and broadcasters consider ‘newsworthy’

    • something socially significant and interesting

  • galtung and ruge

  • media offers us particular ways of understanding what’s been selected

    • hall

    • facts don’t speak for themselves, they have to be interpreted

  • distinction between facts vs opinion

    • newspapers distinguish comment and opinion pieces from news stories

  • facts can be interpreted in different ways

    • changes in language

    • words with same denotation have different connotations

  • media sensationalism

    • use of emotive and colourful language to grab the viewer or reader’s attention

  • agenda-setting

    • consequence of selection and framing

    • shapes public view of important issues facing society and how they should be understood

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sociological research on the news

  • hall et al.

  • primary definers of what’s happening - those in position of power

  • stagflation - stagnant economic growth combined with price inflation

  • o’hara

  • GUMG

  • philo and barry

  • curtis and lee

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conclusion

  • pluralists

    • correct in arguing that in democratic societies a variety of points of view are represented in news media

    • correct in arguing that WWW provided a platform for views which fall outside consensus with limited audience reach

  • limitations to the pluralist view

    • newspapers reflecting right-wing views predominate

    • newspaper readers unknowledingly favour sheets with a biased view

    • media organisations can be responsive to audience concerns without doing or saying anything that threatens status quo

      • philo

    • broadcast news presents itself as impartial and objective

      • PSBs legally require due impartiality (balanced coverage)

      • broadcast news skewed towards powerful

      • because of social backgrounds of journalists

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