Securing the Republic, 1791-1815

These flashcards focus on key terms and concepts related to the political dynamics and events in the United States from 1791 to 1815 as outlined in the lecture notes.

Hamilton’s Program

A plan developed by Alexander Hamilton to make the United States a major commercial and military power, consisting of five parts including establishing creditworthiness and creating a national debt.

Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan

Voiced primarily by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, opposing the close relationship with Britain and fearing corruption.

Strict Construction

The interpretation of the Constitution that allows the federal government to exercise only those powers explicitly listed.

The French Revolution

A radical uprising in France beginning in 1789, during which Jefferson supported France's quest for self-government while Washington and Hamilton favored England.

Federalist Party

Political party that supported Washington and Hamilton's economic plan and close ties with Britain.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising of Pennsylvania farmers against the tax on distilled spirits, suppressed by Washington using federal troops.

Republican Party

Political party led by Jefferson and Madison, more sympathetic to France and focused on democratic self-government.

Democratic-Republican Societies

Groups formed in 1793-1794 advocating for political liberty and constant involvement in public affairs.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Women, who advocated for women's rights and education.

Sedition Act

A 1798 law that limited civil liberties and targeted the Republican press during Adams's presidency.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Political statements drafted by Jefferson and Madison conservative denying the federal government’s right to punish sedition.

Revolution of 1800

The election where Jefferson defeated Adams, leading to a peaceful transfer of power.

Gabriel’s Rebellion

A 1800 slave rebellion led by an enslaved blacksmith in Virginia, emphasizing the language of liberty.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to declare legislative and executive actions unconstitutional, established by Marbury v. Madison.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of territory from France, which allowed for American expansion westward.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An exploration from 1804 to 1806 that provided invaluable information about the western territories.

Barbary Wars

Conflicts with North African pirates over shipping rights that occurred during Jefferson's presidency.

Embargo Act

A law passed by Jefferson that prohibited American vessels from sailing to foreign ports, which harmed the U.S. economy.

War of 1812

Conflict between the United States and Britain, prompted by British impressment and influences from Native American leaders.

Treaty of Ghent

The peace treaty that ended the War of 1812, restoring pre-war boundaries without territorial exchange.

The End of the Federalist Party

The decline of the Federalist Party following the War of 1812, exacerbated by the Hartford Convention and growing nationalism.