CH 10 The Global Water Cycle / Actual Review

How much percent of river waters contribute to total surface and other freshwaters?

Rivers contribute to 0.49%

Which continent has the highest global loss of water from the land surface by evapotranspiration?

South America has the highest global loss of water from the land surface by evapotranspiration 

Glaciers from which region show the highest retreating rate in recent decades?

Himalayan glaciers show the highest retreating rate

About how much percent of total observed rise in sea-level is due to losses of glaciers from mountains?

25-35% of total observed rise in sea-level is due to glaciers from mountains

How much is the recent sea-level rise?

Recent sea level rise has been 3.3 mm/yr

Which type of ecosystem has the highest average productivity?

Wetlands have the highest average productivity

How much percentage of the land surface area is occupied by the inland water on earth?

2%

What happens in the level of oxygen in eutrophic lake?

In a eutrophic lake, oxygen concentration DECREASES

Above which pH is CO₃^2- dominant? 

At a pH above 8.3

Concentration of water is dependent on which of the following factors?

Water concentration is dependent on:

Underlying geology

Precipitation

Atmospheric deposition 

Marine aerosols 

Rate of evaporation 

True or false? Annual methane flux increases as the soil salinity increases across southern US salt marshes based on the research of Bartlett et al. 1977

False, methane flux DECREASES

What is the mean depth of the ocean?

The ocean’s mean depth is 3897 m

True or False? Atmospheric transport of cyclic salts removes ions from the sea roughly in proportion to their concentration in sea water

True

True or false, the burial of organic carbon in marine sediments appeared increased with the overall rate of sedimentation.

True

True or false, oceans absorb excess heat and CO2?

True, oceans absorb excess heat and CO2

How does the oil spell affect seabirds?

Oil does not provide good insulation

True or false, Warm water holds less oxygen than cool water

True, warm waters hold less oxygen than cool waters

How much is the recent sea-level rise?

3.3 mm/yr

Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of a chemical reaction in which n = 2, ΔE =1.11Volt, F = 96485

Gibbs free energy = -nFΔE

(-2)(96485)(1.11) = -214,197