AP Biology Final

Where do light-independent reactions occur?

Stroma of the chloroplast

Where do light-dependent reactions occur?

Thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

What are the reactants of light-dependent reactions?

Water, NADP+, ADP, Light

What are the reactants of light independent reactions?

ATP, NADPH, CO2

What are the products of light dependent reactions?

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH

What are the products of light independent reactions?

Glucose, ADP, NADP+

What happens in Photosystem II?

Photosystem II absorbs light energy, which excites electrons and initiates the process of photolysis, splitting water molecules to release oxygen and generate ATP.

What happens in Photosystem I?

Photosystem I absorbs light energy, which further excites electrons to reduce NADP+ to NADPH.

Where does glycolysis take place in?

The cytoplasm of the cell.

Where does Krebs Cycle take place in?

The mitochondria matrix of the cell.

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in?

The inner mitochondrial membrane.

What are the reactants for glycolysis?

2 ATP to start; glucose, 2 NAD+ and ADP + Pi

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP).

What are the reactants of pyruvate oxidation?

2 pyruvate, coenzyme A, and 2 NAD+

What are the products of pyruvate oxidation?

2 acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, and 2 CO2

What are the reactants of Krebs Cycle?

2 acetyl-CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD, and 2 ADP

What are the products of Krebs Cycle?

4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP

What are the reactants of ETC?

NADH, FADH2, and O2

What are the products of ETC?

28-34 ATP, water, and NAD+.

What is chemiosmosis?

The process by which ATP is produced in mitochondria as protons flow through ATP synthase, driven by a proton gradient created by the electron transport chain.