3.3 Waves - 3.3.1.2 Longitudinal and Transverse waves

What is a longitudinal wave?

A longitudinal wave is a type of mechanical wave in which the direction of particle oscillation is parallel to the direction of wave propagation. It requires a medium for its propagation.

How do longitudinal waves travel?

Longitudinal waves travel by compressing and rarefying the medium through which they move, by creating areas of compression or high pressure (where particles are close together) and rarefaction or low pressure (where particles are spread apart).

Give some examples of longitudinal waves.

Sound Waves

Primary Seismic waves

Compression Waves in a Slinky

Ultrasound Waves

What is a transverse wave?

A transverse wave is a type of wave in which the direction of particle oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. It does not require a medium for its propagation.

How do transverse waves travel?

The particles on the wave oscillate up and down about their individual equilibrium positions as the wave passes by, creating crests and troughs.

Give some examples of transverse waves.

Surface ripples on water

Secondary Seismic waves

Electromagnetic waves

What is the speed at which all electromagnetic waves travel in vacuum?

3 × 10⁸ ms^-1