Marine Bio/Oceanography

this might not cover everything

What moves water?

tides, wind currents, temperature

how tides move water

• 2 high tides and 2 low tides a day

• created by the gravitational pull of the moon

how wind moves water

• blows surface water

• creates global gyres

how temperature moves water

• warm water rises at the equator

• cold water sinks at the poles

tsunamis

• caused on the subducting plate of a convergent boundary

• caused by two convergent plates slipping past each other/snapping in place

seven benefits that the oceans provide for humans

• medicine (ingredients)

• transportation of goods

• climate regulation (temperature, CO2 absorption)

• recreation (swimming, surfing, jet skiing)

• economy (fishing/food industry)

• food (fish, mollusks, algae products)

marine biology

the study of life in the ocean

oceanography

the study of the physical structure and formation of the ocean

sonar mapping

the use of sound waves to find the distance that certain things are from where the sound came from (makes images of the seafloor)

sampling and collecting 

oldest method of studying the ocean, samples are collected and observed in tanks

SCUBA

self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, observing in the natural environment

submersibles

remote manmade tiny ships, used to find the titanic

marine labs

research centers for marine life, where scientists collaborate

spring tides

• exaggerated tides where the difference between high and low tide is the largest

• cause by the sun and moons gravitational pulls combined

• occurs 2 times/month

neap tide

• where the difference between high and low tide is the smallest

• caused by the sun and moons opposing gravitational pulls

• occurs 2 times/month

ocean gyres + main causes

a whirlpool of water of different temperatures in the ocean caused by global currents

divergent boundary

plates moving away from each other, leading to molten rock being pushed up and creating mountains

• found in atlantic ocean, around africa, through indian ocean, northern pacific

transform boundary

plates move horizontally against each other

• found scattered everywhere, saint andreas fault

  • causes earthquakes

convergent boundary (oceanic-continental)

plates move towards each other, one gets forced under the other upon collision, when a plate above earth collides w/ an underwater plate

• causes volcanic activity, ring of fire

  • oceanic plate has a lower melting point - it will always go under

convergent boundary (continental-continental)

2 plates collide, one gets forced under the other

• nepal, himalayas, causes mountains

mid ocean ridge

under water mountain range made from magmatic pressure under crust

trench

deep crevice in earth formed @ subduction point of convergent boundary

volcanic arc islands

formed when 2 plates collide + subducting plate melts and forms volcanos on overriding plate

continental shelf

the part of the continental crust that is underwater but shallow. forms at edge of landmass

oceanic crust

crust under ocean

continental crust

crust under continent/landmass

abyssal plains

flat area of the deep seafloor

guyot/seamount

underwater mountain w/ flat top

deep sea creatures

barreleye fish, black sea devil anglerfish

bathymetric map

“bathymetric maps illustrate the land that lies underwater. Variations in sea-floor relief may be depicted by color and contour lines called depth contours or isobaths.”

bioluminescence

light used in the deep sea to help communicate with other creatures and attract prey

what color doesn’t show up underwater

red