Studied by 2 peopleNegative
Atoms with more electrons than protons are..
Positive
Atoms with more protons than electrons are..
Neutral
Atoms with an equal number of protons and electrons are..
The end of the metal bar closest to the rod would become negatively charged and the other end would become positively charged (opposites attract).
If a positively charged rod is brought near the end of an uncharged metal bar…
Outward from the positive point charges and end on the negative point charges.
Electric field lines radiate…
The closer the electric field lines are together.
The electric field is stronger…
Reduces the total resistance and increases the current flow.
Adding resistors in a parallel circuit…
Increases the total resistance and decreases the current flow.
Adding resistors in series circuit…
Stays the same across each resistor.
When resistors are connected in parallel to a battery, the voltage…
The sum of the currents flowing through each resistor.
In a parallel circuit, the total current flowing from the battery equals…
Less than the resistance of any one of the individual resistors.
In a parallel circuit, the equivalent resistance of the combination is…
The equivalent capacitance of the combination increases.
As more and more capacitors are connected in parallel…
The current is perpendicular to the field lines.
The force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is strongest when…
The strength of the magnetic field, the length of the wire, and the orientation of the wire with respect to the magnetic field vector.
A wire that moves across the a magnetic field produces an EMF depending on…
A change in the EMF.
Ex: If there are 20 loops in a coil, the coil will have 20 times the EMF of a coil with 3 loops.
Changing the number of loops in a coil will result in…
A magnet must be moved through the coil.
To produce a current in a coil…
A magnetic field.
A changing electric field produces…
Real Image
An image formed when the light rays intersect in front of the mirror. This image could be formed on a screen and is always inverted.
Virtual Image
An image formed when light rays do not intersect; it is always upright.
Focal Length is Positive
In parallel and out through the focal point on the opposite side of the lens.
In through the focal point in the front of the lense and out parallel.
In through the center of curvature and out through the center of curvature.
Converging Lense Rules
Focal length is negative.
In parallel and out through the focal point in front of the lens.
In towards the focal point on the opposite side and out parallel.
In through the center of curvature and out through the center of curvature.
Diverging Lense Rules
Toward the normal because it slows down, the wavelength decreases, and the frequency is constant.
When light passes from a less dense to a more dense medium, the ray refracts…
Away from the normal.
When light passes from a more dense medium to a less dense medium, the ray refracts…
The width of the central maximum on the screen increases and vice versa.
In a single slit diffraction, as the width of the slit decreases…
Produced by accelerating electric charges.
All electromagnetic waves travel through empty space at the speed of light.
Electromagnetic Waves are…
Radio waves, microwaves, infared light waves, visable light waves, ultraviolet light waves, x-ray waves, and gamma ray waves.
Examples of Electromagnetic Waves:
The principal of total internal reflection.
Fiber Optics is based on…
Reflection
The return of a light ray after it hits a reflective surface.
Refraction
The bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another.
Constructive Interference
Two waves add to form a larger amplitude (bright spots).
Destructive Interference
The crest of one wave meets the trough of another resulting in zero amplitude (dark spots).
Diffraction
The bending of waves behind obstacles into the shadow region (wave nature not particle nature).
Insulators
Materials through which electricity does not flow. Electrons are tightly bound to the nuclei.
Conductors
Materials through which electricity flows easily. Electrons are loosely bound to the nuclei and allowed to flow freely.
Induction
The production of an electric current of a voltage (electromotive force) in a circuit by the effect of the variation over time of the magnetic flux of a magnetic field through this circuit
Universal Law of Gravitation
States that the force acting on a body is equal to the rate of change of the body's momentum.
Coulomb’s Law
The electrical force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the quantity of charge on the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two objects.
Current
The rate at which electrons flow. Measured in Amps (Coulomb/second).
Resistivity
The proportionality constant, p, in the equation
R= pL/A
Any wire is directly proportionate to its length and inversely proportionate to its cross-sectional area.
Electron-Volt
Energy acquired by a particle carrying a charge whose magnitude equals that on the electron as a result of moving through a potential difference of 1 V.
Law of Reflection
The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
Index of Refraction
(n) The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum, c, to the speed, v, in a given material.
Note
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