music chap 8 early baroque period

features of early baroque music

• extravagance and control

• definite rhythm and meter (bar lines emerge)

• texture: basso continuo

• major/minor scale —> sense of tonality

• functional harmony: organized chords

basso continuo

• bass line played by bass voices/cellos/bassoons and also by organ/harpsichord which reinforces the line and adds chords

• ground bass: bass instrument plays single short melody many times

opera

1. recitative: declaiming words in heightened manner, minimal accompaniment, less structured, 2 or more characters

2. aria: solo singer, entire orchestra, structured, rhythm and meter 

rise of instrumental music

1. dance

2. virtuosity : violin

3. vocal music 

   1. fugue: polyphonic genre, one main theme

instrumental ensemble

1. concerto

2. sonata: written for 1 or 2 instruments (violin) with basso continuo supporting

   1. solo sonata = 1instrument

   2. trio sonata = 2 instrument

3. slow-fast-slow-fast; contrasting in meter frequent imitation between violins