Progressive Era Quiz

Theodore Roosevelt

first modern/ progressive era president

Trust Busting

• Roosevelt took it upon himself to curb power of big businesses that violated Sherman Antitrust Act

• first suit was against Northern Securities (JP Morgan) in 1902

United Mine Workers Strike

• 140k union members walked off in summer of 1902

• continued until autumn and Republicans got nervous about re-election

Square Deal

• Roosevelt intervened in a coal strike and threatened to send army if a truce was not formed

• brought owners and workers to sort differences

• panel granted 10% wage increase but didn’t recognize union

• beneficial to all parties → square

Muckrakers

• journalists who expose corruption in society and business

• Samuel McClure - McClure’s Magazine

• Jacob Riis - “How the other half lives”

Ida Tarbell

• exposed Standard Oil

• write 19 articles detailing how Rockefeller illegally gained his empire

The Jungle

• written by Upton Sinclair

• pointed out unsanitary food prep and lack of regulation

• Pure Food and Drugs Act - federal supervision over corporation with minim standards (didn’t fully control like Sinclair wanted)

Social Gospel

• Christians should address social problems with urbanization and industrialization

• rejected ideas of Social Darwinism

• embodies ideas like Jane Addams settlement house

• created safe Christian environments

Women’s Suffrage

• more women educated and working

• National American Woman Suffrage Association - founded by Elizabeth Stanton, followed by Susan B Anthony

• voting rights, pay, easier to file for divorce

• Alice Paul - wanted constitutional change

Fredrick Taylor

founded Taylorism - study of each individual task promotes max efficiency, time limits for each task, businesses should provide all tools needed for task

Paternalism

incentive programs at work, improved lunchrooms, pension, recreational areas, shared profits (done to curb rise of unions)

Ludlow Massacre

• union members of United Mine Workers struck out on Colorado Fuel and Iron Company

• Rockefeller asked governor for national guard who fired at strikers

Prohibition

WCTU (formed by Frances Willard) expanded to help poor, prisoners, and focus on ____________ (sale and import of alcohol)

Child Reform

• wanted to protect children from lure of city entertainment and promiscuity

• boy scouts - teach boys military virtues

• girl scouts - teach girls domesticity

• Children’sBureau created in 1912

Election of 1908

• Roosevelt stepped down before 1908 election and named Sec. of War Willian Taft his successor, who won

Taft vs Roosevelt

• Payne-Aldrich Tariff - Taft lowered tariffs

• Roosevelt returned from abroad and was displeased, threatened to run again and did by creating Bull Moose Party (3rd party)

Election of 1912

• Republicans - William Taft

• 3rd Party - Roosevelt

• Democrats - Woodrow Wilson (won)

• lowered tariffs on imported goods to offset revenue from income tax

16th Amendment

allowed the federal government to tax income

Federal Trade Commision

• established fall of 1914

• used to regulate and enforce fair business practices

Federal Reserve System

• Panic of 1907 exposed need for bank reform

• idea to create central bank to control currency

• Federal Reserve Act - created central bank with 12 reserve banks

17th Amendment

allowed senators to be elected by state’s voting population and not state’s legislature like previously (who were bought in by political machines)

18th Amendment

banned production or sale of alcohol

19th Amendment

women got the right to vote