US301 Sonographic Exploration

Week 2

acoustics

the study of sound

sound

form of energy produced when vibrating source causes molecules to move back and forth allowing sound waves

Pebble theory

visualized sound waves traveling like waves from pebble in water

coupling gel

needed for sound to travel to propogate

pulse echo technique

sound must be pulsed or allowed to be altered rapidly on and off so transducer can listen for echo: the machine calculates distance and presents on the monitor

doppler effect

pitch of sound wave varies if source is moving

piezoelectric effect

material within transducer generates electricity and changes shape with application of pressure; crystals in transducer produce ultrasound waves

reflectoscope

used ultrasound to detect flaws in metal

A-Mode (amplitude mode)

depth of return echo on x-axis and strength of reflector on y-axis

B-mode (brightness)

display return ultrasound signal as dot in varying brightness based on strength

M-mode (motion)

movement of structures, y-axis depth, x-axis shows time; real-time scanners

Who recognized the piezoelectric effect?

Currie brothers

What year was the Ultra Sound used in medical diagnosis?

1941

With beast sonography, breast orientation is like

The face of the clock

What nonimaging mode would be used to demonstrate the movement of the fetal heart and the myocardial wall thickness during both systole and diastole?

M-mode

What is another name for three-dimensional ultrasound?

Volumetric imaging

Filling of the urinary bladder prior to a pelvic transabdominal sonogram is because:

The filled bladder provides an acoustic window

When is the typical routine anatomic fetal survey performed during a pregnancy?

Second or third trimester

Which of the following is an advantage of neurosonology compared to other modalities for neonatal brain images?

sonography can be portable

Which of the following specialties utilizes A-mode routinely?

opthalmic

Who established the varying uses of continuous-wave (CW) Doppler and spectral analysis?

Rushmer

Who was the first to use ultrasound in medicine, when he imaged the lateral ventricle in the brain?

Dussik