SSD Exam 3 Definitions

cut-off criteria

when treatment should be ended

medical approach

focus on the diagnosis of impairment as an indicator of the underlying cause of the child’s speech difficulties

chronological mismatch

mastery of later developing sounds and persistent misarticulation of earlier developing sounds

international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF)

provides interdisciplinary and international framework to describe health issues that challenge how we view disability

FOCUS

outcome measure developed to document change in functional communication skills in preschool children

service delivery models

different options for organizing service providers in different locations at varying intensities of service

client-centered approach

the child and the family should be invited to participate in the decision-making process

least restrictive environment

a principle under the individuals with disabilities act that mandates students with disabilities to be educated with their non-disabled peers at the maximum extent appropriate, only removing them from the general education setting when necessary

dose

the number of properly implemented teaching episodes per session

dose form

task or activity within which the teaching episodes are delivered

dose frequency

number of sessions per unit of time

distributed practice

practice sessions are spaced out over time rather than crammed into a short period, leading to better long-term outcomes

block treatment

periods of treatment are broken up by periods without treatment, allowing the child to consolidate learning

total treatment duration

time period over which the intervention is provided

response to intervention

gradually increasing the intensity of service to meet the needs of individual children as required

multi-tiered system of support

a collaborative, evidence-based approach to differentiating and personalizing instruction and interventions cross academics, social-emotional learning, and behavior for all students so that every student can achieve academic and life success

basic goals

long-term goal that is general and targets an area of communication

intermediate goals

medium-term goals that reflect the theoretical view of the SLP and stimulate acquisition of components of the language system

specific goals

short-term goals that specifically targets things to be treated in therapy with procedures and activities

segmental goals

features or sound classes

prosodic goals

stress patterns or syllable structures

vertical goal attack strategy

SLP targets one goal at a time and the child must achieve a predetermined level of production accuracy before moving on

horizontal goal attack strategy

SLP targets multiple specific goals simultaneously during each therapy session

cyclical goal attack strategy

SLP targets multiple intermediate goals in a given cycle, but only one goal is targeted during any one treatment session

stimulability

child’s ability to imitate a phoneme when given a model

covert contrast

when a child is heard by an adult to collapse a phoneme contrast consistently actually produces the two contrasting sounds differently in a subtle way

stabilize goal

a variable pattern in the child’s speech is selected for stabilization

extend goal

a context-specific pattern is targeted so that the child learns to generalize correct production of a phoneme from one context where it appears in a new context

expand goal

a syllable structure of a phoneme that is consistently absent from the child’s speech selected as a goal that will force a significant change in the child’s phonological system

instructional objective

a small step in the pathway toward achievement of a specific goal

terminal objective

the last instructional objective in the sequence; the same as the specific goal

do statement

objective description of what the child will do during each practice trial

condition statement

the conditions under which the child will complete the task

accuracy statement

the level of accuracy that indicates achievement of the objective