World History Renaissance Review Flashcards

Early Renaissance

Humanism

An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. It's the idea that humans matter too and can have ideas and be creative.

Renaissance

"Rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome. Predominantly of art and culture, began due to the Inspiration of Roman Ruins, the relocation of people from the Byzantine Empire, and the Medici, who were rich sponsors.

Classicism

**A style of Ancient Greeks and Romans. (art, literature, philosophy, culture...)**

Secularism

 Separation of church and state.

Linear perspective

A way of perceiving depth; the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance and create the illusion of depth. It also uses a vanishing point, and orthogonals to create the illusion of depth.

Color perspective

The use of contrasts in color value (light vs. dark), intensity (bright vs. dull), and temperature (warm vs. cool) to cause areas of a composition to seem to advance or recede and create the illusion of depth. In summary it's the illusion of depth using color.

City-State

A city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside. Many of these were located in Italy. Venice, Milan, Florence, Genoa, Pisa, Siena, and Rome. They became rich from the trade from the east and helped develop the flourishing culture of the Renaissance.

Gothic Architecture

(1200-1500) Relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires. The weight of the building was carried by columns, which allowed much larger windows.

Romanesque Architecture

Has thick walls and small windows, which are good for defense. Common as early Christian churches in Italy, Spain, and Greece.

The Moveable Type (Printing Press)

**Individual characters made of metal that can be arranged to create a job for printing and then used over again. Greatly increased literacy and the spread of information by decreasing the cost of books.**

**Invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1450. Helped spread the ideas of the Renaissance. Allowed the Renaissance to spread because it made new ideas available to a much larger audience. More books were written in the vernacular (native languages like Spanish, English, German, rather than in Latin).**

Petrarch

a scholar who was one of the first humanists. He translated classical works into Latin and popularized them such as, The Iliad, The Odyssey (About a man who uses his thinking to return to his wife), The Republic (About independent thought and other ways of life instead of one state), Meditation. He was a priest who had a lover, although he wasn't allowed to as a clergy. (Born in 1303 died in 1373). He was also a poet.

Brunelleschi

Was a goldsmith, but had the opportunity to build the world’s biggest dome in Florence called the Santa Maria del Fiore but burned all his notes before he died. He reinvented Linear Perspective.

Ghiberti

Brunelleschi’s assistant turned competitor. Both submitted almost identical gold medallion’s to the competition to build the Baptistry doors, they tied and had to work together to build them, but Brunelleschi forfeited.

Donatello

He created famous sculptures like the Bronze David (David and Goliath). Good with bronze, marble, and wood. He did many equestrian sculptures (the Gattamelata). Helped Brunelleschi go through and examine Roman ruins. They were contemporaries. Was known for often talking to his sculptures. His favorite piece was a statue he named Zuccone.

Botticelli

He painted The Birth of Venus in the 1480s and the Primavera which both are great examples of classicism, color perspective, and realism. 1445

Leonardo da Vinci

Was an inventor, scientist, and artist. Created the Mona Lisa, the Vitruvian Man, and The Last Supper. Explored linear, color, and atmospheric perspectives.

Michelangelo

**Created the sculpture David, the Creation of Adam, and the Sistine Chapel ceiling.** 

Raphael

He was a painter and architect who is famous for his paintings Triumph of Religion and The School of Athens. The School of Athens is a great example of classicism. He is also known for his plans and early work on Saint Peter’s Basilica before his untimely death, in which Michelangelo took over.

Why the Renaissance started in Italy

**Inspiration of Roman ruins**

**Relocation of people from the byzantine empire**

**Rich sponsors**

**The Renaissance spread to:**

**France**

**England**

**Germany**

**Spain**

**Elements of Renaissance:**

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* **Painting**
* **Sculptures**
* **Architecture**
* **Music**
* **Literature**
* **Mathematics**
* **Science**