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Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space (e.g., paper, glass, air).
Substance
A single kind of matter that always has a specific composition or makeup.
Physical Property
A characteristic that can be observed without changing the matter into another type of matter (e.g., melting point, boiling point, color, conductivity).
Chemical Properties
Characteristics that describe something's ability to become a new substance (e.g., reactions to acid, flammability).
Atom
The basic unit from which all matter is made (composed of nucleus, electrons, and protons).
What is the positively charged part of an atom?
Proton
What is the negatively charged part of an atom?
Electrons
What is the neutral part of an atom?
Neutron/Nucleus
Element
Substances made up of only one type of atom.
Molecule
A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Compound
A substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio.
Mixture
Made up of two or more substances that are together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically bonded.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture that can easily be separated.
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture that is hard to see different parts and needs to be divided according to properties.
Distillation
The process of separating liquids by boiling them.
Mass
A measure of how much matter is in an object.
Volume
The amount of space that matter occupies.
Weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object.
Density
The measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume.
Physical Change
A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not change it into another substance.
Chemical Change
A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances.
Density Formula
Density = mass divided by volume (m/v).
What determines if an object sinks or floats?
Objects with a density greater than water (1 g/cmÂł) will sink; those with lesser density will float.
Pure Substance
A substance with nothing else; it is pure and not broken down into anything.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Mixtures that can be easily separated and do not chemically combine.
Homogeneous Mixtures
Mixtures that are almost impossible to separate because the different parts are not visible.
Law of Conservation of Mass
States that matter is not created or destroyed during any chemical or physical change.
Physical Properties/Changes
Physical properties do not change into a different kind of matter; physical changes are changes in the state of matter.
Chemical Properties/Changes
Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change; chemical changes result in new substances.
Chemical Formula
Represents the elements present in a compound's molecule with their symbols (e.g., Hâ‚‚O).
Volume Measurement
Regular objects are measured with a ruler; irregular objects are measured using a graduated cylinder.
Scales
Tools used to measure and compare the mass of two objects.
Graduated Cylinder
Used to measure the volume of irregularly shaped objects or liquids.
Ruler
Used to measure the length of regular-shaped objects.
Mass vs Weight
Mass does not change regardless of location; weight changes depending on gravitational pull.
Note
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