[LABORATORY TESTS] Hematology - Blood Components

Erythrocytes

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Red blood cells are also known as:

Red blood cells

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

These cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissues.

Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Hematocrit is also known as:

Hematocrit (PCV)

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

This refers to the number of red blood cells in 100 mL of blood.

High Hematocrit

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

(High, Low) means reduced blood volume (dehydration).

Low Hematocrit

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

(High, Low) means increase blood volume (over hydration).

Baby or Immature RBCs

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Reticulocytes are also known as:

Reticulocytes

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Its increased production can be detected in times of rapid RBC regeneration.

Hemoglobin

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

This refers to the protein inside the RBCs carrying the oxygen from lungs to tissues.

TRUE

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

The hemoglobin concentration in men is normally GREATER than women.

● Polycythemia

● Dehydration

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

High hemoglobin indicates:

Anemia

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Low hemoglobin indicates:

● Mean Cell Volume

● Mean Cell Hemoglobin

● Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

RBC Indices:

Mean Cell Volume

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

This refers to the average volume of a single RBC and is measured in femtoliters.

femtoliters (fL)

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Mean Cell Volume refers to the average volume of a single RBC and is measured in _____.

<83 fL

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Low MCV value:

● Microcytic

● Iron Deficiency

● Thalassemic Disorder

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Low MCV (<83 fL) indicates:

83-101 fL

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Normal MCV value:

● Normocytic

● Acute Blood Loss

● Early Iron Deficiency

● Chronic Renal Insufficiency

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Normal MCV indicates:

>101 fL

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

High MCV value:

● Macrocytic

● Vitamin B12 Deficiency

● Vitamin B9 (Folate) Deficiency

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

High MCV indicates:

Mean Cell Hemoglobin

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

This refers to the average weight of hemoglobin contained in an RBC measured in picograms.

picograms (pg/cell)

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Mean Cell Hemoglobin refers to the average weight of hemoglobin contained in an RBC measured in ______.

<27 pg/cell

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Hypochromic MCH value:

26-31 pg/cell

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Normochromic MCH value:

>31 pg/cell

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

Hyperchromic MCH value:

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration

[RED BLOOD CELLS]

This is the measure of the average concentration of hemoglobin per unit weight of RBC.

Leukocytes

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

White blood cells are also known as:

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

● Neutrophils (MOST ABUNDANT)

● Lymphocytes

● Monocytes

● Eosinophils

● Basophils (LEAST ABUNDANT)

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

Types of white blood cells in order of abundance:

● Lymphocytes

● Monocytes

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

Agranulocytes include:

Lymphocytes

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

This WBC is increased in:

● Typhoid

● Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis

● Infectious Mononucleosis

● Tuberculosis

● Typhoid

● Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis

● Infectious Mononucleosis

● Tuberculosis

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

Lymphocytes are increased in:

Monocytes

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

This WBC is increased in viral infections.

Viral infections

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

Monocytes are increased in:

● Eosinophil

● Basophil

● Neutrophil

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

Granulocytes include:

Eosinophils

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

This WBC is increased in:

● Allergic Conditions (Asthma, Hay Fever)

● Drug Sensitivity Reactions

● Allergic Conditions (Asthma, Hay Fever)

● Drug Sensitivity Reactions

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

Eosinophils are increased in:

Basophils

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

This WBC is increased in hypersensitivity reactions.

Hypersensitivity reactions

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

Basophils are increased in:

Neutrophils

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

This WBC is increased in bacterial and fungal reactions

Bacterial and fungal reactions

[WHITE BLOOD CELLS]

Neutrophils are increased in:

Thrombocytes

[PLATELETS]

Platelets are also known as:

Platelets

[PLATELETS]

These are anucleate cells derived from the megakaryocytic cells in the bone marrow.

Thrombocytopenia

[PLATELETS]

This refers to the depressed synthesis in the marrow or consumption of formed platelets; may be seen in pregnancy following viral infections.

Thrombocytopenia

[PLATELETS]

This condition is seen in pregnancy following viral infections.

● Caffeine

● Hydralazine

● Colchicine

● NSAIDs

● Furosemide

● Penicillin

● Hydroxychloroquine

● Theophylline

[PLATELETS]

Drugs causing platelet dysfunction:

Prothrombin

[COAGULATION]

This tests the extrinsic and common pathways; most commonly employed in the monitoring of warfarin anticoagulation therapy

Prothrombin

[COAGULATION]

This is most commonly employed in the monitoring of warfarin anticoagulation therapy.

2-3

[COAGULATION]

Target PT-INR under Warfarin in Therapy:

2.5

[COAGULATION]

Target PT-INR under Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation:

3.5

[COAGULATION]

Target PT-INR under Warfarin in Recurrent DVT & PE:

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

[COAGULATION]

This tests the intrinsic and common pathways; the time (seconds) to form fibrin.

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

[COAGULATION]

This refers to the time (seconds) to form fibrin.

1.5 - 2.5 x the normal control

[COAGULATION]

Desirable APTT for optimal Heparin Therapy:

Fibrinogen

[COAGULATION]

This is increased in inflammation as it is an acute-phase reactant.

Cryoprecipitate

[COAGULATION]

This is administered in severe bleeding when fibrinogen levels fall below 1 g/L.

Fibrinogen

[COAGULATION]

Cryoprecipitate is administered in severe bleeding when ____ levels fall below 1 g/L.

< 1 g/L

[COAGULATION]

Cryoprecipitate is administered in severe bleeding when fibrinogen levels fall below ____ g/L.