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General formula
simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series
Structural formula
smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of atoms in the molecule
Displayed formula
shows the relative position of all the atoms in the molecule and bonds in between them
Skeletal formula
simplified organic formula leaving just a carbon skeleton and any functional groups
Structural isomer
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Homologous series
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH₂ group
Functional group
The part of the compound responsible for the chemical properties and characteristic reactions of the compound
Aliphatic
carbon and hydrogen joined in unbranched or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings
Alicyclic
aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
Aromatic
some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
Saturated
only single C-C bonds
Saturated
one or more C=C bond
Homolytic fission
Each bonding atom receives one atom from the bonded pair to form two radicals
Heterolytic fission
one of the atoms takes both electrons from the bond and becomes a negative ion
Radical
a species with an unpaired electron
Curly arrow
shows the movement of an electron pair when bonds are being broken (heterolytic fission) or made
Nucleophile
an electron pair donor
Electrophile
an electron pair acceptor
Note
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