morphology of flowering plants

the direct elongation of radicle forms the

primary root

primary roots and its branches constitutes the

tap root system

ex of tap root system

mustard

primary root is short lived and replaced by large no of roots

fibrous root system

ex of fibrous root system

wheat

roots arises from parts other than the the radicle

adventitious root system

ex of adventitious root

grass, banyan, monstera

which plant organ stores reserve food materials

roots

which plant organ synthesizes plant growth regulators

roots

tap root system

fibrous root system

adventitious root system

The root is covered at the apex by a thimble-like structure called the

root cap

The cells of this region are very small, thin-walled and with dense protoplasm. They divide repeatedly.

meristematic region

A few millimetres above the root cap is the

meristematic region

The cells proximal to meristematic region undergo rapid elongation and enlargement and are responsible for the growth of the root.

elongation region

The cells of the this zone gradually differentiate and mature

elongation region

proximal to region of elongation, is called the

maturation region

root hair cells are formed from which type of cell

epidermal cell

which zone has root hair cells

maturation region

which plant organ bears nodes and internodes

stem

region on stem where leaves are borne

nodes

region between two successive points at which leaves are borne

internode

the ______ later develops into branch

axillary bud

which plant organ originates from shoot apical meristem

leaves

leaves arranged on stem in

acropetal order

the leaf is attached to the stem by

leaf base

leaf may bear two lateral small leaf like structures called

stipules

in which type of plants, tap root system is generally seen

dicots

in which type of plants, fibrous root system is seen

monocots

in which type of plants, the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly

monocots

the leafbase may become swollen, which is called the

pulvinus

which family of plants have pulvinus

legume

which part holds the leaf to light

petiole

Which part of the leaf has veins and veinlets

lamina

the arrangement of vein and veinlets in the lamina of leaf is termed as

venation

when the veinlets form a network is it called

reticulate venation

when the veins run parallel to each other

parallel venation

when lamina is entire or when incised, but incision do not touch the midrib

simple leaf

When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib

compound leaf

____ is present on the axil of petiole in both leaves simple as well as compound but not in the axil of leaflet

bud

number of leaflets are present on a common axis, the rachis, which represents the midrib of the leaf

pinnately compound leaf

the leaflets are attached at a common point, i.e., at the tip of petiole

palmately compound leaf

type of leaf

pinnately compound leaf

type of leaf

palmately compound leaf

ex of pinnately compound leaf

neem

ex of palmately compound leaf

silk cotton

pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch

phyllotaxy

ex of alternate phyllotaxy

china rose, mustard, sunflower

ex of opposite phyllotaxy

calotropis and guava

ex of whorled phyllotaxy

alstonia

which type of phyllotaxy is this

alternate

which type of phyllotaxy is this

opposite

which type of phyllotaxy is this

whorled

When a shoot tip transforms into a flower, it is always

solitary

the main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession

racemose

the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth.The flowers are borne in a basipetal order

cymose

Type of inflorescence

racemose

type of inflorescence

cymose

A typical flower has four different kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen end of the stalk or pedicel, called

thalamus

receptacle aka

thalamus

ex of perianth

lily

When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be

actinomorphic

ex of actinomorphic

mustard, datura, chilli

When the flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is

zygomorphic

ex of zygomorphic

pea, gulmohur, bean, cassia

if the flower cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre

asymmetric

ex of asymmetric

canna

the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other parts are situated below it.

hypogynous

ex of hypogyous

mustard, china rose, brinjal

If gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level

perigynous

ex of perigynous

plum, rose, peach

the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it, the other parts of flower arise above the ovary

epigynous

ex of epigynous

guava, cucumber, ray floret sunflower

type of ovary

hypogynous

type of ovary

perigynous

type of ovary

perigynous

type of ovary

epigynous

The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl is known as

aestivation

When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping

valvate

ex of valvate

calotropis

If one margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on

twisted

ex of twisted

china rose, lady finger, cotton

If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction

imbricate

ex of imbricate

cassia, gulmohur

the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel); this type of aestivation is known as

vexillary

ex of vexillary

pea, bean

in vexillary aestivation, the largest petal is known as

standard

in vexillary aestivation, the lateral petals are known as

wings

in vexillary aestivation, smallest anterior petal is known as

keel

A sterile stamen is called

staminode

When stamens are attached to the petals, they are

epipetalous

ex of epipetalous

brinjal

stamen attached to the perianth

epiphyllous

ex of epiphyllous

lily

stamen united in one bundle

monadelphous

ex of monadelphous

china rose

stamen united in two bundle

diadelphous

ex of diadelphous

pea

stamen united in many bundle

polyadelphous