PMP Certification Exam

Change Control Board

Group whose function is to review, approve or reject changes on the project as they relate to the various areas of the represented bussiness

Change Control System

Used to asses the impact and consequnces of requested changes on the project

Contraints

Factors that limits project options such as the number of people available, amount of time or money available to finish the job or other resources or assest issues

1. Close out any contracts w/ outside vendors

2. Deliver any required reports assoc. w/ closure (Opa updates)

3. Complete any Close Project of Phase activites

4. Performed Lessons Learned

5. Complete Archives of any project Files (OPA updates)

6. Release resources for other projects

General Closing Order of itmes for a project (6)

Opportunity that allows the team to learn from past experience and improve on the project as the complete it. LL can come along before the end on the project . If they come at the end administrative procedures come into play

What are Lessons Learned?

1. To develop a consistent process to evaluate changes

2. To create an environment in which you can review and approve appropiate changes to modify the project for the better.

3. To set communication standards so the project team can communicate those changes to the appropiate stakeholders

3 main goals of a configuration mgmt system

Project Managment Plan

A cumulative document that contains all the documents used in the project mgmt apporach on the project. It describes the steps associated w/ executing, monitoring and controlling and closing

Product Verification Lesson Learned Updating records - Project files, contract files Reporting Archiving Formal Acceptance

Closing a Project Includes the Following (3)

When you perform project mgmt part of the concept of planning is to deal with items unkown, here you must make assumptions for scheduling and budgeting. In most cases as the project evolves you learn more about it

Know Assumptions as they relate to a Project

PMIS

Used for communication and information distribution on the project not necessarily a high tech system but whatever is used for project communication on the project. Normally a mixture of technology and non-technology.

Project Scope is built

What is the result of Executing?

Project Charter and Stakholders are Identified

What is the result of Initiating?

Corrective Action

What is the result of Monitoring and Controlling?

results in the product, service or result transition of the project

What is the result of Closing?

Characteristics of the PMO (3) A centralized area for all 1.PM personnel to and be assigned. 2. for documentation a process support 3. For Project mgmt support and auditing of projects.

Characteristics of the PMO (3)

Mgmt by Projects

Performing day to day operations by a project Mgmt approach...

Project Initiation

The process that result in the authorization of a project..

Planning Process

The process required to develop the activites to attain objective..

Project Mgmt

Emcompasses project of similar work or correlated activites managed in a coordinated way to attain benefits that could not achieved separately

Project Life Cycle

Process of completing work on the Project. It is not the management of the work, but rather the work process. Can be describe what work is done (and who does the work ) in each phase of the project, what the deliverables are, and the approval for each phase

Sub Project

A smaller piece of the project as a result of decomposition

is usually created as a result of creating the work breakdown structure

Characterisitics of Project(5)

Has a specific purpose Creates specific results Has a start a nd finish Temporary Could be progressively elaborated as more is learn

Product Life Cycle

Involves the product or service from concept to divestment (closure) This cycle typically begins with a business plan end with a product or service

Project Mgmt Life Cycle in 5 process group

Initating Planning Executing Monitoring and Controlling Closing

Projects (or project selection) are typically authorized as result of the following

Market Demand Strategic Opportunity Customer Request Technological Advance Legal requirements

Program Management

A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not availble from managing the individually

Strategic Planning

Practice by which a company looks into the furture for products or services it must have, typically 3 to 5 years in the future. Projects are the tools that company will use to implement the strategic goals

Scope time cost

What is the triple contraints?

Quality gurus HR gurus Comm Channels Fromula Expected Monetary Value Formula Four Core Earned Value Formula Standard Deviation Values Triangular pert formulas

10 things remember for a brain dump

Process groups /Knowledge areas are number by

2 - 20 - 8 - 10 - 2

Portfolio

A group of programs of projects related and managed in a coordinated way to achieve specific strategic business goals

Program

A group of related projected project that are managed to obtain synergistic benefits and control

Projectized Organization

An Organizational which authorizes the project manager to assign resources to the project to establish priorities and to direct the work of the project

Portfolio Mgmt

Mgmt of various portfolios that include the project and programs of which they consist can in prioritization, authorization, mgmt

Opportunity that allows the team to learn from past experience and improve on the project as the complete it. LL can come along before the end on the project . If they come at the end administrative procedures come into play

What are Lessons Learned?

Baseline

The original estimate plus any approve changes. it is the value against which the work results (somtimes called actuals) are compared

Anything that ends with a plan or baseline

Components of the project Mgmt Plan..

Configuration Mgmt

Process used to control product features and details through change control

1. Anyone whose has an authority to create a charter. 2. even a PM - but it must be signed by someone who can invest authority for the project w/ the PM typically Senior Mgmt

Who creates a the Project Charter?

Develop Project Charter

Process of developing a document that formally authorizes a project or a phase and document initial requirements that satisfy the stakeholders needs and expectations

Work Authorization System

Formal or informal system used in project mgmt to ensure that work is done as planned. It ensures that right work is done in the right order at the right time by the right people

4.1 Develop Project Charter 4.2 Develop Proj Mgmt Plan 4.3 Direct and Manage Project Execution 4.4 Monitor and Control Work 4.5 Perform Integrated Change Control 4.6 Close Project or Phase

6 process for Project Integration Mangement (6)

Organization Process Assest

Inputs to many process that deal with variables external to the project, such as information systems and company policies and procedures. They can include processes, definitions, templates, orgranization communications needs

It's important to explain the impact of requested changes to the authorized requestor or sponsor and let that person make the call on approving the changes based on the impact

Know how to correctly interpret stakeholder requests for project changes.

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Inputs to many processes because they deal w/ variables external to the project such as gov't regulations and market conditions. Examples are org structures gov't standards, personnel policies, business market.

RC- request made by someone on a project not approved and has no impact AC - Request that have been made through the change control system and approved. They are appart now part of the project w/ any potential impact now affecting the project.

Difference between Requested changes and approved changes?

Project Mgmt plan

What is the result of Planning?

Run Chart

Used to track technical performance such as how well something works or schedule or cost performance such as how things were completed on time or budget, respectively

Team Member - Responsible for the quality of their own work. PM- Responsible for quality standards for the project Senior Exe - Responsible for the quality standards at the company

Who is responsible for quality and at what level?

Population Testing - you test every item Sample testing - you determine how much of something must be tested to ensure that defects are caught

Difference between Sample and Population Testing?

Design of Experiments

Statistical process used to determine the factors that can influence variables associated with a process or product

Variable

Characteristic that the Perform Quality Control process is to measure. It is a generic characteristic or property, such as capacity or height.

Attribute

A specific measurement being recorded - for example square ft., inches or meters.

ISO 9000 (International Organization

Standard is associcated with companies that wish to document their process and adhere to those processes.

Document what you do Do what you document Document any variance (from the normal process)

ISO 3 Steps

Is the likelihood that something will occur. It can be expressed in a percentage (1% 75% 100%) or (0.01, 0.75, 1.0) The sum of all probabilities equals 100% or 1.0

What is Probabilities?

Sigma is also know as Standard Deviation. It is considered the quality standard. 1 Sigma - 68.26% 2 Sigma - 95.45% 3. Sigma - 99.73%

What is Sigma?

Quality

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements. Compliance with compliance

Variable

A quality characteristic measured in increments

Attribute

A quality charateristic that either is classified as conforming or non-conforming

Total Quality Management (TQM)

A quality philosophy that focuses on a proactive attitude toward quality with a detail toward statistical analysis to document improvement.

Customer Satisfaction Prevention over inspection Continous Improvement Management Responsibility

Modern quality managment complements projects. Both disciplines recognize the importance of: (4)

Fishbone AKA cause/effect diagram

Tool you can use initially in a project to evaluate what could potentially cause defects. You can use it during the project to review symptoms to determine the real problem (continue to ask questions until the root cause is determine)

Demings 14 principles of managment are generally seen as the founding basis for total quality managment Points are:

1. be proactive, not reactive

2. Utilize leadership and accountability

3. Measure and strive for constant improvement

Who is W Edward Deming ?

Conformance- company pay for quality in a proactive way, typically up front in the planning area of a project ie - increase morale Nonconformance - company pays for quality in a reactive way, on the back end - decrease morale - decrease customer perception

Cost of Conformance and nonconformance examples...

Design of Experiments

Key tool that is a statistical method or tool, that helps identify which factors may influence specific variable of a product or process under development or in production. It lets you change many factors at once.

Quality Management Plan

Output that defines what standards to work plus how to attain and test for the standards

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Key tool how to minimize rework and maximize satisfaction and productivity

Benchmarking

Key tool for comparing a product or service to other standards

Accuracy deals with the alignment of a value with its target value. It deals with how close the the measurement is to the target Precision deals with consistency of the output- it deals with many of the outputs meet the target

Difference between Precision and accuracy?

CMMI 6 SIGMA LEAN 6 Sigma Quality Function

Proprietary Quality Management Methodolgies (4)

Upper Control Limit (UCL) Lower Control Limit (LCL)

Represent the control points of the proces. Typically the limits are set +/- 3 sigma

Upper/Lower Specification limits (USL/LSL)

Limits that are customer established and can be inside or outside the control limits

Pareto Diagram

A cumulative histogram you can use to see where the key problems lie. You can see what is causing the most frequency of problems plus a cumulative percentage of the problem

Team Mbr - responsible for quality of their own work PM - responsible for quality standards on the project Sr. Exe -responsible for the quality standards at the company

What the Quality Responsiblity for: Team Mbr PM Sr. Exe

6 Sigma

Modern Philosophy states that approx 99.999% of everything a company creates or the process it executes are error-free

Continous Improvement (Kaizen)

Proactive stance to development, one that makes improvement throughout a process

Gold Plating

Practice of providing more than what the customer request

ISO 9000 (International Org for Standardization)

Standard is associated with companies that wish to document their process and adhere to those processes

Document what you do Do what you document Document any variance (from the normal process)

ISO 3 Steps

8.1 Plan Quality 8.2 Perform Quality Assurance 8.3 Perform Quality Control

3 Processes of quality managment

breach

If the contract is not completed by the contractor either for failure to comply, bankruptcy etc. this is know as

The company's quality system must conform to the criteria set forth in ISO 9001.

A company that is registered to the international quality standards ISO 9001 means that....

Often assign project tasks to the various functionals managers

In the project coordinator form of a matrix organization, project coordinators often....

Level of Scope development

Infixed pricing the most important consideration is...

Rolling Wave Planning

A planning technique which progressively details the work as information becomes firm, and allows for less detail in later project phase where uncertainty is greater is called

0/100

The most conservative of work completion rules

Hygiene factors

Herzberg theory on motivation deals with...

Conflict between functional manager and project manager

One of the biggest potential problems facing a project team member in a strong matrix is....

IRR - Interal Rate of Return

______deals with how we are effeiciently using our money

Smoothing and withdrawal

The conflict resolutions modes that are least likely to resolve situations

Implied warranty

What warranty type relates to merchantablily or fitness for use?

Schedules, project priorities, resources

The most common causes of conflict in a mulit-project environment include...(3)

internal risk can be control and external cannot be control

Difference between internal and external risk

Make money and to protect the public

In the area of legal risks there are 2 reason for licensing of projects....(2)

Cost plus percentage of cost

From the Buyers perspective the riskiest form of contract is

Strong Matrix

Which organization does conflict occur the most in managing projects

Multiplying the risk's probability of occurrence by its estimated impact

Calculating the expected monetary value (EMV) of a project risk is found by....

IT indicates that there is a range of possible outcomes

One advantages of sensitivity analysis is?