Ethnicity and crime

Provide statistics of ethnicity and criminalisation

Black people make up 3% of the population but 13% of the prison population

Asian people make up 7% of the population but 8% of the prison population

What is the difference in CJS statistic between white and black people

Black people are 7 times more likely to be stopped and searched, 3.5 times more likely to be arrested and 4.5 times more likely to be in prison

What are teh drawbacks of using victim surveys for relationship between ethnicity and offending

Rely on victims memories of events. Philips and Bowling found that white vitcims overidentify black suspects in muggings, saying that they were black even of they werent sure

What is the link between ethnicity and offending shown in self report studies

Graham and Bowling found that of a sample of 2,500 people, black and white rates of offending were very similar (44% and 43%), but indian, pakistani and bangladeshi rates were much lower (30%, 28% and 13%)

How do stop and searcg patterns evidence racism in the CJS

In 2020, black people were 9 times as likely to be stopped and searched than white people, and 4 times as likely to have force used against them

How can stop and search patterns be explained

The Macpherson report underlined extreme instituional racism in the metropolitan police in the wake of the murder of Stephen Lawrence. Philips and Bowling also point out that many police officers hold negative stereotypes about ethnic minority groups

What is the trend between prosecution and trial in ethnicity

The crown prosecution service (CPS) are more liekly to drop cases against ethnic minority groups, often due to a lack of evidence presented to them by the police

What is the relation between convictions and sentencing in ethnicity

Black men were 5% more likely to recieve a custodial sentence that white men and on averag etheir sentences were 3 montsh longer

What is the correlation between prison and ethnicity

In 2023, 5.5 per 1000 black people were in prison, compared to 1.6 Asian, and 1.4 white

What is the Left realist explanaion of ethnic differences in crime

Lea and Young argue that ethnic differences in stats of offending reflect real different differences in offending. They say that crime is the product of relative deprivation, marginalisation and subculture. How

How can the Left realist view on ethnic differences in offending be criticised

Asian arrest rates may be lower than black not because of differences in offending but due to racist stereotypes

What is Gilroy’s view on ethnicity and offending

Gilroy argues that black criminology is a myth and that they commit no more crime than other ethnic groups, but due to racist stereotypes their crime rates seem higher. He sees minority ethnic crime as a political struggle against a racist society

How do Lea and Young criticise Gilroy’s view on ethnicity and offending

Lea and Young argue that the first generation of imigrants were law abiding

What is Hall’s view on ethnicity and offending

Hall says that in the 70s, the Black mugger became a scapegoat for ecnomic and political crises, creating racial stereotypes about black people and crime

How is Hall’s view on ethnicity and offending criticised

Left Realists argue that inner-city residentrs fears about mugging are not ovverreacted panics, but realistic and justified

How do Sharp and Budd explain ethnic differences in offending

Sharo and Budd found that black offenders run a greater risk of being caught, as they were more likely to commit crimes such as robbery, where they can be easily identified

What is the link between ethnicity and victimisation

In 2019/20, there were a total of 76,000 racist attacks in England and Wales. However, this figure is expected to actually be over 100,000.

People of mixed race are most at risk of being victims of crime at 20% of the victims, compared to black (14%), white (13%) and Asian (13%)

WHat are the responses to ethnic victimisation

Rallies

orgnaised self defence camapigns

situational crime prevention strategies