Corrections and Penology in the Criminal Justice System

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to corrections and penology in the criminal justice system.

Corrections

A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

Penology

The study of a criminal and legal penalty, derived from the Latin word meaning pain or suffering.

Punishment

Any ill suffered in consequence of wrongdoing, usually involving pain and suffering imposed by the state.

Penalty

A judicial punishment inflicted by the state against an offending member for the transgression of law.

Capital Punishment

Also known as the death penalty, it is the execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction.

Corporal Punishment

A physical punishment intended to cause physical pain to a person.

Public Humiliation

A form of punishment that dishonors or disgraces a person, often in a public place.

Imprisonment

The state or condition of being confined in a jail or prison as a form of conventional punishment.

Institutional Corrections

Means of correcting an individual by placing them in a prison or jail for treatment and rehabilitation.

Non-Institutional Corrections

Community-based corrections utilizing programs to rehabilitate offenders outside of jail or prison.

Diversion

A program that allows juveniles to undergo rehabilitation without resorting to formal court proceedings.

Restitution

The act of giving back something that has been lost or stolen, often required as part of a sentence.

Probation

A privilege granted by the court allowing a convict to remain in the community instead of serving time in prison.

Parole

The conditional release of a prisoner from a correctional institution after serving a minimum period of their sentence.

Pardon

An act of grace by the state, releasing an individual from guilt or remission of punishment.

Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)

Supervises national penitentiaries and is responsible for the rehabilitation of prisoners serving over three years.

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

Agency under DILG that directs and supervises the administration of district, city, and municipal jails.

Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare

Agency that oversees the care and treatment of youth offenders through designated rehabilitation programs.

Insular Prisoner

An individual sentenced to imprisonment for more than three years to death.

Provincial Prisoner

An individual sentenced to imprisonment for six months and one day to three years.

City Prisoner

An individual sentenced to imprisonment for one day to three years.

Municipal Prisoner

An individual sentenced to imprisonment for one day to six months.