AP European History Unit 7 MCQs

What was the objective of Garibaldi and his followers?

italian patriot; formed nationalist group called Young Italy to fight for unification of the separate Italian states into one nation/ "Sword"

What two ideologies(isms) motivated Garibaldi?

Socialism and Fascism, Marxism?

What type of government developed in Italy once Garibaldi's uprising was complete?

Neither radical or democratic under Victor Emmanuel. Conservative? Nationalism?

What motivated the British to sell opium to China

Britain sold opium to China in return for the many Chinese commodities the British people craved as an alternative to using silver as a medium of exchange. The British had no domestic source of silver, whereas opium from Northeast India was available cheaply in large quantities from the British East India Company.

What was the British response to Lin Tse-hsu's order that foreign merchants not sell opium?

The Opium War- Treaty of Nanking ended war

What did British get from China as a result of the Opium War?

Britain got Hong Kong, China had to pay 100 mil, and had to establish British trade cities in china (more benefits for British trade)

What nineteenth century liberal idea about free trade was challenged by this disagreement with China?

This painting best illustrates which of the following nineteenth century artistic movement?

What nineteenth century tension does Turner highlight in this image?

Artists like Joseph William Turner often focused intensely on nature in their paintings because they...?

What specific economic and social conditions were Marx and Engels referring to in this selection?

antagonism

What did Marx and Engels view as the fundamental cause of the conflict?

Marx and Engels' assertion that "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all" is an extension of what other intellectual idea?

According to Carl Peters, what is the greatest disadvantage the German nation experienced because they had not developed a colonial empire?

How economically valuable were the places that Carl Peters and the Germans colonized?

Why did Otto von Bismarck support the colonial ideas of Carl Peters and others?

Bismarck's political loyalties were most aligned with which social class?

Why would France be seeking revenge against Bismarck and Germany?

Which two ideologies did Bismarck most embrace during German unification?

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What event led to the Vienna settlement?

Why did Mazzini believe that the steps to unification had failed to reveal the "soul of Italy"?

How was unification ultimately achieved in Italy?

What were the causes of the Revolutions of 1848?

Which European nation's overthrow of the July Monarchy was the impetus for the revolutions depicted in this map?

What specific challenge did Austria face in 1848-1849?

Which of the following groups shown on the map did not resist American control during the events of 1848-1849?

What specific benefit did the Europeans receive from the construction of the project?

Who was principally responsible for the construction and promotion of this construction project?

What best characterizes artistic movements in late 19th century Europe?

An increased emphasis on personal expression

What was an immediate result of the Austro-Prussian War?

Prussia dominated the German unification movement

The constitution of Otto von Bismarck created for the united German Empire included

Universal male suffrage for parliament

What did Cavour and Garibaldi agree?

Italy should be independent of foreign control

When Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, he used the phrase "origin of species" to mean...

The transmutation of any species into another over time

What best describes Charles' Darwin's theory of evolution?

New species emerge after gradually accumulating new modifications

The Dreyfus Affair in the late 19th century France resulted in....

The deepening of political divisions

What was a result of Einstein's publication of the special theory of relativity in 1905?

Basic assumptions of classical physics about space and time had to be revised

What is Sigmund Freud's most significant contributions to 20th century thought?

Unconscious psychological energy is sexual energy

In the second half of the 19th century, the balance of power in Europe was greatly changed by

The unifications of Germany and Italy

A major economic problem in late 19th century Europe that contributed to European imperialist expansion was

Overproduction of manufactured goods

After unification in the late 19th century, the new state of Italy did not face

A labor shortage

What is closely associated with Friedrich Nietzsche?

The rejection of bourgeois morality

The Treaty of Berlin in 1878 reflected general European agreement on

Boundaries and spheres of influence in the Balkans

19th century European women were relatively more numerous and made the most influential contributions as

Popular novelists and writers

The period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that lasted from 1839 to 1876 is known as the...

Tanzimat

During the 1830s and 1840s, romantic republican nationalism in Italy was led by...

Giuseppe Mazzini

Camillo Cavour played an instrumental role in...

the unification of Italy

In the 1850s, the two most powerful German-speaking states were...

Austria and Prussia

What German-speaking country did Bismarck inten to exclude from a united Germany?

Austria

The newly-elected French National Assembly of 1871 was dominated by ...

monarchists

The Paris Commune was dominated by...

petty bourgeosie

What country did Austria compete with for influence in the Balkans?

Britain

In 1894 Captain Alfred Dreyfus was found guilty of...

passing secrets to the Germans

The new Russian provincial and country councils organized in 1864 were known as...

zemstvos

Alexander III sought to...

continue his father's reforms

Gladstone's ministry of 1868 to 1874 witnessed the...

culminiation of classical British liberalism

Disraeli's efforts at social reform focused on...

paternalistic legistlation

The "Irish Question" centered on the issue of...

home rule

What is the most accurate statement concerning the Crimean War?

the Concert of Europe was shattered

The correct chronological order of Bismarck's moves leading to the unification of Germany was in vitories against...

Denmark, Austria, France

The Hatti-i Hümayun...

spelled out the rights of non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire

The cause of Italian unification was strengthened by the help of the ...

French

Girabaldi led the campaign for control of ...

Sicily and southern Italy

In 1860s, Napoleon III did...

sign a free trade treaty with Britain, permit labor unions, relax press laws, and permit freer debate in the legislature

In the 19c., divorce by mutual consent was...

not permitted in most European countries

Most of the women filling service positions in the second half of the nineteenth century were...

young and unmarried

The cult of domesticity most shaped the lives of ______ women

middle-class

Europe's most advanced women's movement was in...

Britain

Which country did not adopt a broad-based electoral system in the nineteenth century?

Russia

French labor unions...

avoided active political participation

Karl Kautsky argued that the immediate task for German socialists was...

to work to improve the lives of German workers

The leading advocate of Russia's industrialization was....

Count Sergei Witte

Which was NOT associated with the Second Industrial Revolution?

textiles

Overall, the standard of living in the industrialized nations ______ of the nineteenth century

improved in the second-half

Secretaries, retail clerks, and lower-level bureacrats made up the...

petite bourgeoisie

Commercial development, railway construction, and slum clearance contributed to the...

development of the suburbs

Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, and Joseph Lister are associated with...

the bacterial theory of disease

Nineteenth-century prostitution was closely tied to...

overcrowding in the female labor force

What is NOT true of the development of European cities in the second half of the nineteenth century?

city centers became havens of the middle class

True Statement: They did not

What is the most correct statement about trades unions by 1900?

they were legalized in Germany, England, and France

Bismarck's response to the efforts of the German socialists included...

repression of the socialist parties, creation of national health insurance, passage of old-age and disability pensions, and the creation of national accident insurance

French workers usually voted...

socialist

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the arbiter of consumer taste was the...

middle class

Middle-class reformers saw a cure for all the problems of slums in...

housing reform

What was the cause of the Crimean War?

Russia tried to advance on the Ottoman Empire

What did the 1856 Treaty of Paris do?

required Russia to surrender territory, to recognize the nuetrality of the Black Sea, and to renounce its claims to protect Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire

What did the Hatti-i Sharif of Gülhane do?

it attempted to reorganize the Ottoman Empire's administration and military along European lines

What did the Young Turks do?

they had a program to modernize the Ottoman Empire

What happened in Italy by 1860?

the peninsula was transformed into a nation-state under a constitutional monarchy

Describe Count Camillo Cavour.

initially conservative but became moderately liberal; cunning statesman; made a fortune; a nationalist of new breed; rejected republicanism

How did Cavour involve Italy in European politics?

he sent 10,000 troops to help France and Britain in the Crimean war

Why did Italy and Austria go to war?

Piedmont mobilized its army and Austria demanded it demobilize which allowed people to say Austria was provoking a war

Who was proclaimed king of Italy and when?

Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed in March of 1861

What was the problem in Italy?

it had not so much been unified as it had been conquered; economies and societies of the north and south were incompatible

What was the Italian constitution like?

it provided for a conservative constitutional monarchy; parliament had two houses - senate, appointed by the king, and chamber of deputies, elected on narrow franchise

What was transformismo?

bribery, favors, or a seat in the cabinet transformed political opponents into government supporters

What was Italia irredenta?

"unredeemed Italy"

Which three groups united Germany?

the conservative army, the monarchy, and the prime minister of Prussia

What was the Zollverein?

a German tariff union

Why was Bismarck such a humonguous deal?

he shaped the next 30 years of European history

What does it mean when it says Bismarck was a pragmatic leader?

he put more trust in power and action than in ideas