urinary system hesi

NOT a function of the kidney

Production of albumin

Transports urine from kidney to bladder

Ureter

Sac-like structure that stores urine

Bladder

Urethra conveys urine from

Bladder to the exterior

Functional unit of the kidney

Nephron

Incorrect structure–function pair

Collecting duct—empties urine into ureter

Glomerulus description

A tuft of capillaries where filtration occurs

Does NOT occur in convoluted tubules

Filtration

Cup-like structure containing the glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

Glomerulus receives blood from

Renal artery

Nephron structure that creates concentration gradient

Loop of Henle

Solute movement across glomerular membrane

Diffusion

Blood pressure–driven movement into Bowman’s space

Filtration

Urinary system functions (correct)

Excretion of waste, BP regulation, erythropoietin production

Capillary systems in the kidney

Glomerular, vasa recta, peritubular

Ureteric constrictions are sites for

Ureteral stones

Most sodium reabsorbed in

Proximal convoluted tubule

Most glucose reabsorbed in

Proximal convoluted tubule

Most water reabsorbed in

Proximal convoluted tubule

Correct filtrate pathway

Bowman’s capsule → PCT → Loop of Henle → DCT → Collecting duct → Renal pelvis → Ureter

ADH—main function

Increases water reabsorption in collecting duct

ADH released when

Plasma osmolarity is high or blood volume is low

Effect of ADH on urine

Produces concentrated urine

No ADH present

Urine becomes dilute

Aldosterone—main function

Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

Aldosterone released in response to

Low blood pressure or low sodium

Effect of aldosterone on water

Water follows sodium → increased blood volume

RAAS—trigger

Low blood pressure or low sodium

Renin released by

Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney

Renin converts

Angiotensinogen → Angiotensin I

ACE converts

Angiotensin I → Angiotensin II

Angiotensin II effects

Vasoconstriction + aldosterone release + ADH release

Overall effect of RAAS

Increases blood pressure

ANP—main function

Decreases blood pressure

ANP released when

Atria are stretched (high blood volume)

Effect of ANP

Inhibits aldosterone and sodium reabsorption

Afferent arteriole function

Brings blood into glomerulus

Efferent arteriole function

Carries blood away from glomerulus

Increased glomerular pressure

Increases filtration

Decreased glomerular pressure

Decreases filtration

Primary force driving filtration

Blood pressure

GFR depends on

Blood pressure and glomerular permeability