HRO 100 Ch. 4 - Body Structures

Levels of organization, anatomical position, body planes, directional terms, body cavities, quadrants and regions, diseases and conditions, diagnostic and surgical procedures

name the levels of organization

cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism

word root/combining form for cell

cyt-, cyt/o-

word root/combining form for tissue

hist-, hist/o

sum of all physical and chemical changes in a cell or organism

metabolism

anatomical position

standing erect facing forward, arms at the side, palms turned forward, feet parallel to each other

name all body planes

yellow = midsagittal (median)

blue = coronal (frontal)

red = transverse (horizontal)

name all body cavities

1. cranial

2. spinal

3. thoracic

4. diaphragm

5. abdominal

6. pelvic

7. abdominopelvic

8. dorsal

9. ventral

name all quadrants

1. right upper quadrant (RUQ)

2. left upper quadrant (LUQ)

3. right lower quadrant (RLQ)

4. left lower quadrant (LLQ)

abduction

movement away from the body

adduction

movement towards the body

medial

pertaining to the middle

lateral

pertaining to the side

superior

towards the head or upper part of the body

inferior

away from the head or towards the bottom of the body

proximal

near to the center (trunk of the body)

distal

away from the center (trunk of the body)

anterior/ventral

front of the body

posterior/dorsal

back of the body

prone

lying on abdomen, face down

supine

lying on back, face up

name all five divisions of the spine

1. cervical (neck)

2. thoracic (chest)

3. lumbar (loin)

4. sacral (lower back)

5. coccyx (tailbone)

path/o/logy

study of diseases

which of the following combining forms mean “yellow”?

jaund/o-

which of the following combining forms mean “red”? 

erythr/o-

which of the following combining forms mean “gray”?

poli/o-

combining form for form, shape

morph/o-

combining form for dry

xer/o-

A “neur/o/logist” is what?

specialist in the study of the nerves

suffix for disease

-pathy

physical things that a healthcare provider sees

signs

things that the patient experiences, but not seen by healthcare providers unless told 

symptoms

____ means the study of the cause of a disease.

etiology

A disease is considered ___ if we don’t know the cause.

idiopathic

A ____ is the name given to the cause and nature of a disease while a ___ is the estimated prediction.

diagnosis; prognosis

what is the medical term for abnormal build up of fluid within tissues?

edema

what is the medical term for having or showing symptoms of a fever?

febrile

The body’s ways of defending itself from injury, infection, or allergies, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, is known as ___.

inflammation 

To determine a diagnosis, doctors will need to examine a ____ or a sample of removed tissue of an assigned organ.

biopsy