Particles + Conjunctions + mine/his/hers/theirs + others

Excluding conjugation, that's under the "Verbs" flashcards description. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2jrWqBDilM&ab_channel=LearnKoreanwithGO%21BillyKorean

은/는

“As for me…”, “When it comes to…” Topic marker. General statement. “Cheese는 is expensive.” (치즈는 비쌉니다.) “As for me는, I like cake.” 받침/ends in consonant: 은, vowel: 는. Once topic is established, don’t need to use it again.

을/를

action verb is doing something to this noun. “I like cake를.” (케이크를 좋아합니다.) “I listen to music을.” (저는 음악을 들어요.) 받침/ends with consonant: 을, vowel: 를

이/가

subject of a verb. doer of action verb. descriptor of description verb/adjective. “I am not a Korean person.” or “저는 한국 사람이 아닙니다.” “The dog is big” or “개가 큽니다.” 받침/ends with consonant: 이, vowel: 가

그리고

and/additionally, connects 2 sentences. as an afterthought. Ex: 타코를 좋아해요. 그리고 엔칠라다도 좋아해요.

도

too or also. goes after noun. “읍식두” (I like food and) or “저도” (I also…) “I also like enchiladas.” (저도 엔칠라다를 좋아합니다.)

과/와

Speaking and writing. and, connects two nouns in sentence. goes after noun. 받침/ends with consonant: 과, vowel: 와. “Bob 씨는 형과 누나가 있습니다.” (Mr. Bob has an older brother and an older sister.”

하고

WRITING ONLY. and, connects two nouns in sentence. goes after noun. No 받침. “Bob 씨는 형하고 누나가 있습니다.” (Mr. Bob has an older brother and an older sister.”

의

his/her/theirs/mine. “‘s.” His bag, her car, my cat, Mr. Bob’s brother. Goes after person/subject of sentence. Her brother의 job is a singer. It’s the teacher의 dog. 선생님의 개입니다. For mine: 제/저의 and 내/나의 are acceptable.

하지만

but/however

지 많다

not. negative auxiliary verb. used with 지. Verb doesn’t conjugate in the same way as normal. Ex: 좋지 않다 (It’s not good.)

안

used with verb that’s conjugated to express “not.” Ex: 안 좋아요. It’s not good. Works differently with 하다 verbs. Split the noun and 하다 and insert 안 in between. For example: 공부하다 (to study) becomes 공부 안 해요. (I don’t study.)

만

only, just. Example: 동생만 학생이에요. The younger sibling is only/just a student.

들

makes a noun plural

에

On/In/At/To. For: About/Regarding, Location/Time. Specific times: Time, day of the week, month, year, season, etc. Destination: When heading to a place ('to' in English). “To” a location; shows where something exists.

시간:

"저는 저녁 에 친구를 만날 거예요." (I will meet my friend in the evening.)

장소:

"그 책은 책상 위 에 있어요." (The book is on the desk.)

목적지:

"내일 서울 에 갈 거예요." (I am going to Seoul tomorrow.)

집에 있어요. I’m at home. (Can’t use 이에요 as that is “to be” not “there is.”)

휴대 전화가 어디에 있어요? Where is the cell phone?

에서

“from” a location; “at” or “in” a place when followed by a verb; “to” and “from” a time

저는 미국에서 왔어요. I’m from America.

저는 학교에서 공부해요. I study at/in school.