Psych- Final Review

basic science

the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake

applied science

discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals

the scientific method

general approach to gathering info and answering questions so that error and biases are minimized

psychology

the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research

physiological

having to do w an organism’s physical processes

cognitive

how we process, store, and retrieve info that influences our behavior

hypothesis

an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research

internet

belonging to or being a part of the nature of a person or thing

clinical psychology

a psychologist who diagnoses emotional disturbances

counseling psychology

a psychologist who usually helps people deal w problems of living

developmental psychology

a psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an Indi matures

educational psychology

a psychologist who is concerned w helping students learn

structuralism

all experiences from birth to preset how the conscious adult mind works

functionalism

study of how the mind functions and how the organism uses it in the environment- adaptations that are helpful

inheritable traits

an offspring’s trait that resembles the parents’ corresponding trait more than it resembles the same trait in a random Indi in the population

gestalt

looking at the human mind and behavior as a whole instead of looking at every object individually. look at the object as a part of a more complex system

psychoanalytic psychology

unconscious motivations influence our behavior

behavioral psychology

events in the environment (rewards and punishments) influence our behavior

humanistic psychology

indi or self directed choices influence our behavior

cognitive psychology

dedicated to studying how ppl think

biological psychology

biological factors influence our behavior

sociocultural psychology

ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status influence our behavior

hormones

chemical substances that carry messages through the body in blood

somatic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

autonomic nervous system

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

dendrite

show, thin fibers that stick out from the cell body. receives impulses or messages from other neurons and sends them to the cell body

axon

can be very short or several feet in length. electrical impulses from the neuron travel away to be reverted by other neurons

synapse

space between neurons. connection between neurons

myelin sheath

white fatty substance, insulated and protects the axon for some neurons

endocrin system

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes/ ovaries. glands located throughout the body. hormones made by the glands. and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells, receptors in various organs and tissues that recognize and respond to the hormoes

pituitary gland

the center of control of the endrcrine system that secrets a large number of hormones

psychological traits in human being, such as intelligence, are influenced by-

genes

“master gland”

pituitary gland- control the functions of many of the other endocrine glands

forebrain

the anterior part of the brain, including the central hemisphere, thalamus, and the hypothalamus

midbrain

small par of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory info and relays it upward

hindbrain

part of the Brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved on the basic processes of life

phobia

an intense and irrational fear or fear of a particular object or situation

amnesia

severe loss or deterioration of memory that occurs after damage to the brain- temporary or permanent- following drug abuse or severe psychological stress

conversion disorder

changing emotional difficulties into a loss of a specific voluntary body function

dissociative identity disorder

a person exhibits 2 or more personality states, each state w their own pattern of thinking and behavior

panic disorder

an extreme anxiety that manifest itself in the form of panic attacks

fugue

a dissociative disorder in which a person suddenly and unexpectedly travels away from home or work and is unable to recall the past

bipolar disorder

individuals are excessively and inapporpriatly happy or unhappy

schizophrenia

a group of disorders characterized by confused and disconnected thoughts, emotions, and perceptions

hypochondria

a person in good health becomes preoccupied w imaginary ailments

seasonal effective disorder

ppl who develop a deep depression in the midst of winter

post traumatic stress disorder

disorder in which victims of traumatic events experience the original event in the form of dreams or flashbacks

obsessive compulsive disorder

person suffering from the acute anxiety may think the same thoughts over and over

antisocial personality

a personality disorder characterized by irresponsibility, shallow emotions, and lack of conscience

types of disorders in anxiety disorder

ocd, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias

types of disorders in somatoform disorder

hypochondriac, conversion

types of disorders in dissociative disorder

did, amnesia

types of disorders in mood disorders

major depression, bpd

types of disorders in personality disorders

aspd

wilhelm wundt

father of psychology

lev vygotsky

sociocultural

sigmund freud

psychoanalytic

b.f. skinner, john b watson, ivan pavlov

behavioral

jean piaget

cognitive

carl rogers, abraham maslow

humanistic

sir francis galton

studied human intelligence

william james

functionalism

max wertheimer, wolfgang kohler, kurt koffta

gestalt

harry harlow, john tooby

biological