Nucleotides

nucleotide structure

Nitrogenous base pyrimidine (C, U, T) vs purine (A, G)

Pentose sugar (ribose, deoxyribose)

1-3 phosphate group(s)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)

Pentose sugar: deoxyribose(just H on carbon 2')

Nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

Antiparallel

Bonds: phosphodiester, hydrogen, hydrophobic effects, and van der waals forces

Ribonucleic Acid(RNA)

Pentose sugar: ribose(OH on carbon 2')

Nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

Antiparallel if in 2 strand form

Bonds: phosphodiester, hydrogen, hydrophobic effects, and van der waals forces

Pyrimidines

cytosine, thymine, uracil (1 ring-6 membered)

Purines

guanine, adenine (2 ring-6 membered+5 membered)

Deoxyribose

5-carbon sugar, has H on 2'

Ribose

5-carbon sugar, has OH on 2'

Phosphodiester bonds

Bonds between phosphate group and pentose sugar in nucleic acids. using 2 ester bonds

1st ester bond

OH on phosphate group + OH C 3' -> H2O + combined suagr and phosphate group w/ only O remaining

2nd ester bond

OH on phosphate group + OH C 5' -> H2O + combined suagr and phosphate group w/ only O remaining

sugar-phosphate backbone

The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached

Nucleoside

base + sugar