Philosophy - Basic concepts and principals

Old and new charges against socrates

pursuing natural science

old charge

using “crooked” logic

old charge

Teaching students and accepting money for it

old charge

Being an evil-doer - making people appear foolish/unwise

old charge

Corrupting the youth

new charge

not recognizing the gods of the city and inventing his own gods

new charge

The oracles claim

“no one is wiser than Socrates” - a riddle to find out what wisdom really means

Socrates concept of wisdom

being wise is to recognize ones limits

The main topic of Crito is…

whether or not socrates should escape from prison

The moral arguement in Crito is…

that one should never do wrong, even as revenge

the two meanings of the concept of being guilty:

1. if he/she has committed a crime

2. if he/she has been found guilty by the authorities

Relativism

the truth/falsity of statements in a certain area depends on culture, society, or other relative groups

absolutism

the truth/falsity of statements in a certain area does not depend on any context

descriptive theories

describe how the world is

normative theories

tells us how the world should be

cultural relativism

claims that cultures/societies differ in their customs and moral standards

moral relativism

claims that cultures are not comparable and cannot be judged

The concept of tolerance and moral relativism

there is no real connection

Eddington’s two tables

represent the two aspects of the world, the familiar one, and the scientific one, made of electons and empty space

which table is the real one?

the 2nd, the scientific one

physicalism

the idea that everything is physical

reductionism

assumes all higher level sciences are anchord in the most fundamental sciences