Subclavian artery
Artery that occupies the space before the first rib
Axillary artery
Artery that occupies the space between the first rib and before the inferior border of teres major m.
Brachial artery
Artery that occupies at the inferior border of teres major m. and after
Superior thoracic artery
Part of the axillary artery
Proximal to pectoralis minor m.
Supplies blood to the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces
Thoracoacromial trunk
Part of the axillary artery
Deep to pectoralis minor m.
Separated into 4 main branches (clavicular, acromial, deltoid, and pectoral branches)
Lateral thoracic artery
Part of the axillary artery
Deep to pectoralis minor m.
Supplies blood to serratus anterior m. at intercostal spaces 3-5
Subscapular artery
Part of the axillary artery
Distal to pectoralis minor m.
Branches into the circumflex scapular artery and the thoracodorsal artery
Circumflex scapular artery
Part of the axillary artery, a branch from the subscapular artery
Distal to pectoralis minor m.
Wraps around scapula to the posterior side
Thoracodorsal artery
Part of the axillary artery, a branch from the subscapular artery
Distal to pectoralis minor m.
Supplies blood to latissimus dorsi m.
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
Part of the axillary artery
Distal to pectoralis minor m.
Wraps around the anterior side of the surgical neck of the humerus
Smaller than its counterpart
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
Part of the axillary artery
Distal to pectoralis minor m.
Wraps around the posterior side of the surgical neck of the humerus
Thicker than its counterpart and runs with the axillary nerve
Axillary vein
Drains blood from the upper limb as a continuation of the brachial vein
Cephalic vein
Typically drains into the axillary vein
Can be identified as the groove between deltoid m. and pectoralis major m.
Musculocutaneous nerve
Arises from the lateral cord and innervates the anterior compartment of the arm
Median nerve
Arises from the medial and lateral cords and innervates all but the 1 1/2 muscles of the anterior forearm
Also innervates the thenar eminence (3 muscles) in the hand as well as the first 2 lumbricals
Ulnar nerve
Arises from the medial cord and innervates 1 1/2 muscles of the forearm (the flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus)
Also innervates all but 5 intrinsic muscles of the hand
Axillary nerve
Arises from the posterior cord and innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles
Runs with the posterior humeral circumflex artery
Radial nerve
Arises from the posterior cord and innervates the triceps
Branches from this nerve innervate the posterior forearm muscles
Runs with the deep brachial artery
Long thoracic nerve
Formed by branches arising from the C5, C6, and C7 roots of the brachial plexus
Innervates the serratus anterior muscle
Dorsal scapular nerve
Branches off the C5 root of the brachial plexus
Innervates the levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major muscles
Suprascapular nerve
Branch from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
Runs through the scapular notch
Lateral pectoral nerve
Branch from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
Innervates the pectoralis major muscle
Medial pectoral nerve
Branch from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Innervates the pectoralis major and minor muscles
Kind of pierces the pectoralis minor muscle
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
Branch from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Provides sensory innervation to the skin on the medial side of the arm
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Branch from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Provides sensory innervation to the skin on the medial side of the forearm
Comes from under the medial cord
Upper subscapular nerve
Branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Innervates the subscapularis muscle only
Thoracodorsal nerve
Branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle
Lower subscapular nerve
Branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Innervates the subscapularis and teres major muscles
Can often be found with a split
Alternate names of the thoracodorsal nerve
Middle subscapular nerve
Nerve to latissimus dorsi
Top to bottom: Radial head, radial tuberosity, styloid process
Label (3 things)
Left side: Olecranon process, trochlear notch, coronoid process, styloid process
Right side: Trochlear notch, coronoid process, radial notch
Middle: dont worry about it but its supposedly the head ?
Label
Biceps brachii short head
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius
Main actions (on forearm): flexion of supinated forearm, supination of flexed forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Anterior compartment of arm
Biceps brachii long head
Origin: superior rim of glenoid fossa of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius
Main actions (on forearm): flexion of supinated forearm, supination of flexed forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Anterior compartment of arm
Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: middle of humerus (medial)
Main actions (on arm): adduction, flexion back to anatomical
Innervation: musculocutaneous (pierced by)
Anterior compartment of arm
Brachialis
Origin: anterior surface of humerus (middle)
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
Main actions (on forearm): flexion
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Anterior compartment of arm
Triceps brachii medial head
Origin: posterior surface of humerus below radial groove
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Main actions (on forearm): extension
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of arm
Triceps brachii lateral head
Origin: posterior surface of humerus above radial groove
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Main actions (on forearm): extension
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of arm
Triceps brachii long head
Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Main actions: extension of forearm, extension of arm
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of arm
Pronator teres
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: lateral side of middle radius
Main actions (on forearm): pronation, flexion
Innervation: median nerve
Anterior compartment of forearm (superficial)
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 2nd metacarpal
Main actions (on hand): flexion, abduction
Innervation: median nerve
Anterior compartment of forearm (superficial)
Palmaris longus
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Main actions: flexion of hand, tightening of flexor aponeurosis
Innervation: median nerve
Anterior compartment of forearm (superficial)
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
Main actions (on hand): flexion, adduction
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Anterior compartment of forearm (superficial)
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: middle phalanx of digits 2-5 (splits)
Main actions: flexion of PIP joints, flexion of MCP joints, flexion of wrist
Innervation: median nerve
Anterior compartment of forearm (middle)
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin: radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of digit 1
Main actions: flexion of distal phalanx of digit 1
Innervation: median nerve
Anterior compartment of forearm (deep)
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: anterior ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of digits 2-5
Main actions: flexion of DIP joints, flexion of PIP joints, flexion of MCP joints, flexion of wrist
Innervation: 1/2 median (lateral half), 1/2 ulnar (medial half)
Anterior compartment of forearm (deep)
Pronator quadratus
Origin: distal ulna
Insertion: distal radius
Main actions (on forearm): pronation of forearm
Innervation: median nerve
Anterior compartment of forearm (deep)
Median nerve damage
Paralysis of all anterior forearm muscles except FCU and medial 1/2 of FDP (thus these muscles act unopposed at the wrist)
Ulnar deviation
Ulnar nerve damage
Paralysis of FCU and medial 1/2 of FDP, thus all other anterior forearm muscles act unopposed
Radial deviation
Nerve deep to the flexor retinaculum
Median nerve runs deep to it
Tendons that pass deep to the flexor retinaculum
9 total
4 from FDS
4 from FDP
1 from flexor pollicis longus
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: distal radius
Main actions (on forearm): flexion, supination
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
Main actions (on hand): extension, abduction
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 3rd metacarpal
Main actions (on hand): extension, abduction
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)
Extensor digitorum (communis)
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Main actions: extension of MCP joints, extension of wrist
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor expansion of digit 5
Main actions: extension of MCP joint, extension of IP joints of digit 5
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
Main actions (on hand): extension of hand, adduction of hand
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna
Insertion: shaft of radius (proximal to pronator teres)
Main actions: supination of forearm
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin: posterior ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
Main actions: abduction of digit 1, extension of digit 1 at CMC joint
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 1
Main actions: extension of digit 1 at MCP joint
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin: ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of digit 1
Main actions: extension of digit 1 at IP joint
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)
Extensor indicis
Origin: ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: extensor expansion of digit 2
Main actions: extension of digit 2
Innervation: radial nerve
Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)
Boundaries of the anatomical snuff box, pain in that region, relationship with the radial artery
Bordered medially by the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and laterally by the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
Pain often means scaphoid fracture
Radial artery is deep to the tendons within
Function of the extensor retinaculum
Prevents dorsal bowstringing of the extensor tendons/holds the tendons down