CHA101L Quiz 2

Labs 3 and 4

Subclavian artery

Artery that occupies the space before the first rib

Axillary artery

Artery that occupies the space between the first rib and before the inferior border of teres major m.

Brachial artery

Artery that occupies at the inferior border of teres major m. and after

Superior thoracic artery

* Part of the axillary artery
* Proximal to pectoralis minor m.
* Supplies blood to the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces

Thoracoacromial trunk

* Part of the axillary artery
* Deep to pectoralis minor m.
* Separated into 4 main branches (clavicular, acromial, deltoid, and pectoral branches)

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Lateral thoracic artery

* Part of the axillary artery
* Deep to pectoralis minor m.
* Supplies blood to serratus anterior m. at intercostal spaces 3-5

Subscapular artery

* Part of the axillary artery
* Distal to pectoralis minor m.
* Branches into the circumflex scapular artery and the thoracodorsal artery

Circumflex scapular artery

* Part of the axillary artery, a branch from the subscapular artery
* Distal to pectoralis minor m.
* Wraps around scapula to the posterior side

Thoracodorsal artery

* Part of the axillary artery, a branch from the subscapular artery
* Distal to pectoralis minor m.
* Supplies blood to latissimus dorsi m.

Anterior humeral circumflex artery

* Part of the axillary artery
* Distal to pectoralis minor m.
* Wraps around the anterior side of the surgical neck of the humerus
* Smaller than its counterpart

Posterior humeral circumflex artery

* Part of the axillary artery
* Distal to pectoralis minor m.
* Wraps around the posterior side of the surgical neck of the humerus
* Thicker than its counterpart and runs with the axillary nerve

Axillary vein

* Drains blood from the upper limb as a continuation of the brachial vein

Cephalic vein

* Typically drains into the axillary vein
* Can be identified as the groove between deltoid m. and pectoralis major m.

Musculocutaneous nerve

* Arises from the lateral cord and innervates the anterior compartment of the arm

Median nerve

* Arises from the medial and lateral cords and innervates all but the 1 1/2 muscles of the anterior forearm
* Also innervates the thenar eminence (3 muscles) in the hand as well as the first 2 lumbricals

Ulnar nerve

* Arises from the medial cord and innervates 1 1/2 muscles of the forearm (the flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus)
* Also innervates all but 5 intrinsic muscles of the hand

Axillary nerve

* Arises from the posterior cord and innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles
* Runs with the posterior humeral circumflex artery

Radial nerve

* Arises from the posterior cord and innervates the triceps
* Branches from this nerve innervate the posterior forearm muscles
* Runs with the deep brachial artery

Long thoracic nerve

* Formed by branches arising from the C5, C6, and C7 roots of the brachial plexus
* Innervates the serratus anterior muscle

Dorsal scapular nerve

* Branches off the C5 root of the brachial plexus
* Innervates the levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major muscles

Suprascapular nerve

* Branch from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
* Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
* Runs through the scapular notch

Lateral pectoral nerve

* Branch from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
* Innervates the pectoralis major muscle

Medial pectoral nerve

* Branch from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
* Innervates the pectoralis major and minor muscles
* Kind of pierces the pectoralis minor muscle

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve

* Branch from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
* Provides sensory innervation to the skin on the medial side of the arm

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

* Branch from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
* Provides sensory innervation to the skin on the medial side of the forearm
* Comes from under the medial cord

Upper subscapular nerve

* Branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
* Innervates the subscapularis muscle only

Thoracodorsal nerve

* Branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
* Innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle

Lower subscapular nerve

* Branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
* Innervates the subscapularis and teres major muscles
* Can often be found with a split

Alternate names of the thoracodorsal nerve

* Middle subscapular nerve
* Nerve to latissimus dorsi

* Top to bottom: Radial head, radial tuberosity, styloid process

Label (3 things)

* Left side: Olecranon process, trochlear notch, coronoid process, styloid process
* Right side: Trochlear notch, coronoid process, radial notch
* Middle: dont worry about it but its supposedly the head ?

Label

Biceps brachii short head

* Origin: coracoid process of scapula
* Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius
* Main actions (on forearm): flexion of supinated forearm, supination of flexed forearm
* Innervation: musculocutaneous
* Anterior compartment of arm

Biceps brachii long head

* Origin: superior rim of glenoid fossa of scapula
* Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius
* Main actions (on forearm): flexion of supinated forearm, supination of flexed forearm
* Innervation: musculocutaneous
* Anterior compartment of arm

Coracobrachialis

* Origin: coracoid process of scapula
* Insertion: middle of humerus (medial)
* Main actions (on arm): adduction, flexion back to anatomical
* Innervation: musculocutaneous (pierced by)
* Anterior compartment of arm

Brachialis

* Origin: anterior surface of humerus (middle)
* Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
* Main actions (on forearm): flexion
* Innervation: musculocutaneous
* Anterior compartment of arm

Triceps brachii medial head

* Origin: posterior surface of humerus below radial groove
* Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
* Main actions (on forearm): extension
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of arm

Triceps brachii lateral head

* Origin: posterior surface of humerus above radial groove
* Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
* Main actions (on forearm): extension
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of arm

Triceps brachii long head

* Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
* Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
* Main actions: extension of forearm, extension of arm
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of arm

Pronator teres

* Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
* Insertion: lateral side of middle radius
* Main actions (on forearm): pronation, flexion
* Innervation: median nerve
* Anterior compartment of forearm (superficial)

Flexor carpi radialis

* Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
* Insertion: 2nd metacarpal
* Main actions (on hand): flexion, abduction
* Innervation: median nerve
* Anterior compartment of forearm (superficial)

Palmaris longus

* Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
* Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
* Main actions: flexion of hand, tightening of flexor aponeurosis
* Innervation: median nerve
* Anterior compartment of forearm (superficial)

Flexor carpi ulnaris

* Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
* Insertion: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
* Main actions (on hand): flexion, adduction
* Innervation: ulnar nerve
* Anterior compartment of forearm (superficial)

Flexor digitorum superficialis

* Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
* Insertion: middle phalanx of digits 2-5 (splits)
* Main actions: flexion of PIP joints, flexion of MCP joints, flexion of wrist
* Innervation: median nerve
* Anterior compartment of forearm (middle)

Flexor pollicis longus

* Origin: radius, interosseous membrane
* Insertion: distal phalanx of digit 1
* Main actions: flexion of distal phalanx of digit 1
* Innervation: median nerve
* Anterior compartment of forearm (deep)

Flexor digitorum profundus

* Origin: anterior ulna, interosseous membrane
* Insertion: distal phalanx of digits 2-5
* Main actions: flexion of DIP joints, flexion of PIP joints, flexion of MCP joints, flexion of wrist
* Innervation: 1/2 median (lateral half), 1/2 ulnar (medial half)
* Anterior compartment of forearm (deep)

Pronator quadratus

* Origin: distal ulna
* Insertion: distal radius
* Main actions (on forearm): pronation of forearm
* Innervation: median nerve
* Anterior compartment of forearm (deep)

Median nerve damage

* Paralysis of all anterior forearm muscles except FCU and medial 1/2 of FDP (thus these muscles act unopposed at the wrist)
* Ulnar deviation

Ulnar nerve damage

* Paralysis of FCU and medial 1/2 of FDP, thus all other anterior forearm muscles act unopposed
* Radial deviation

Nerve deep to the flexor retinaculum

Median nerve runs deep to it

Tendons that pass deep to the flexor retinaculum

* 9 total
* 4 from FDS
* 4 from FDP
* 1 from flexor pollicis longus

Brachioradialis

* Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
* Insertion: distal radius
* Main actions (on forearm): flexion, supination
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)

Extensor carpi radialis longus

* Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
* Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
* Main actions (on hand): extension, abduction
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

* Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
* Insertion: 3rd metacarpal
* Main actions (on hand): extension, abduction
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)

Extensor digitorum (communis)

* Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
* Insertion: extensor expansion of digits 2-5
* Main actions: extension of MCP joints, extension of wrist
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)

Extensor digiti minimi

* Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
* Insertion: extensor expansion of digit 5
* Main actions: extension of MCP joint, extension of IP joints of digit 5
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)

Extensor carpi ulnaris

* Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna
* Insertion: 5th metacarpal
* Main actions (on hand): extension of hand, adduction of hand
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)

Supinator

* Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna
* Insertion: shaft of radius (proximal to pronator teres)
* Main actions: supination of forearm
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)

Abductor pollicis longus

* Origin: posterior ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
* Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
* Main actions: abduction of digit 1, extension of digit 1 at CMC joint
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)

Extensor pollicis brevis

* Origin: radius, interosseous membrane
* Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 1
* Main actions: extension of digit 1 at MCP joint
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)

Extensor pollicis longus

* Origin: ulna, interosseous membrane
* Insertion: distal phalanx of digit 1
* Main actions: extension of digit 1 at IP joint
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)

Extensor indicis

* Origin: ulna, interosseous membrane
* Insertion: extensor expansion of digit 2
* Main actions: extension of digit 2
* Innervation: radial nerve
* Posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)

Boundaries of the anatomical snuff box, pain in that region, relationship with the radial artery

* Bordered medially by the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and laterally by the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
* Pain often means scaphoid fracture
* Radial artery is deep to the tendons within

Function of the extensor retinaculum

* Prevents dorsal bowstringing of the extensor tendons/holds the tendons down