The Dissolving Process

solute

the substance being dissolved

solvent

the substance that is doing the dissolving

solution

a solute dissolved in a solvent

types of solutions

all phases can be the solute

solids and liquids can always be the solvent

gases can only be the solvent if a gas is the solute

the dissolving process's three aspects

1. the solute separates

2. the solvent attaches to the solute

3. diffusion moves the group of particles around

hydration

solvation in water

dissociation

the solvation of ionic substances

ionization

the forming of ions from some covalent compounds, such as acids

endothermic

breaking solute solute bond requires energy

exothermic

solvent bonds release energy

solubility

the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in ana mount of solvent at specific conditions, such as temperature and pressure

static equilibrium

a balance of two forces

dynamic equilibrium

a balance of two processes

solution equilibrium

balance exists between dissolving and precipitating

unsaturated

less than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved

supersaturated

more than the maximum amount of solute is disolved

effervescence

the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid-gas solution