Criminal Justice Quiz 1

Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys is written by who

Dr. Victor Rios

what kind of research is being conducted in Punished

qualitative research study

what is the main goal of the study in Punished

examining the punitive social control of young Black and Latino boys in Oakland, CA

how does Rios get his data

interviews, and ethnography-observations

what is the working definition of the criminal justice system

system of institutions, policies, and practices with the goal of maintaining social control and deterring crime through sanctions and rehabilitation

what are the institutions of the criminal justice system

law enforcement, courts, and corrections

what is law enforcement

agencies are charged with investigating crimes and arresting individuals alleged to have committed crimes

who is the first point of contact with crime

law enforcement

what is the seguway to all other institutions in the criminal justice system

law enforcement

where does conviction occur

courts

who is responsible for applying and interpreting the law

courts

what is the role of corrections

functions to protect society from criminals through housing, monitoring, and other community based programs

give an example of corrections

house arrest, parole, jail

characteristics of the size of the criminal justice system

• large because a portion of the population is under control of the CJS

• EXPENSIVE

• so large because of changes and implementation of policies

what is the overall trend of crime since the 90s

on the downfall

composition of adult correctional system

• jail 12%

• prison 22%

• parole 12%

• probation 54%

at the end of 2022 how many adults were under the CJS supervision

5.2million

• 3.6 million on probation or parole

• 1.9 million in jail or prison

where does the size of the CJS stem from

the publics desire for longer and harsher sentences

• policy makers who wanted to be “tough on crime”

• ex: 3 strike rule, mandatory sentencing

what is the total cost per incarcerated person

average 33,274

• range of 14,780 - 69,355

what is the flow of crime

• crime must be reported and observed to enter the system

• early into the system

• prosecution and pre-trial services

• sentencing and sanctions

• corrections

how does the CJS even work?

its large, varied, complex, and it encompasses many systems and services found among governments at the local, state, and federal levels

• each section overlaps and functions with the feedback from others

the road map to crime (another flow)

• crime first comes to the attention of law enforcement who determines whether a crime has occurred

• evidence is presented to prosecutors who determine wether formal charges will be filed

• if charged, found guilty, and sentenced the individual may face punishment as incarceration

arguably, whos the most important criminal justice actor

prosecutor - can drop charges, move from misdemeanor to felony, determine If stays as plea or bargain or not

how much time sentenced considered jail

1 yr or less

how much time sentenced is considered prison

more than 1 yr

indeterminant crime

not based on a certain number of year

determinant crime

based on a certain number of years for everyone

define crime

act of breaking a law for which the criminal justice system or some other governing authority prescribes punishment

who makes a law

sometimes the people sometimes its executive order

what is a street crime

relatively common and serious, involving a victim and offender who came together in space and time

• homicide, SA, strangers or people that know each other

property crimes

crime against property - most commonly includes burglary, property theft, and motor vehicle theft

• amount of money that distincts theft from grand theft

• more common than street crimes

• motor vehicle theft is least common

• larceny is the most common in US

victimless crimes definition

includes illegal behavior that doesn’t directly affect another individual

• ex: drug use, selling drugs, sex work, gambling

characteristics of victimless crimes

consent between individuals, no direct victim (no specific person in mind)

what is a white collar crime

lying, cheating, and stealing by occupational, corporate and government actors using a wide range of frauds

define cybercrime

form of illegal activity using a computer or computer networks as the primary method of commission

define terrorism

completed or threatening use of coercion or violence against a population of people with the goal of changing political, religious, or ideological positions

• premeditative, targeted, greater message in the attack

2 types of crime

• mala in se

• mala prohibita

mala in se

behavior that is immoral and inherently wrong by nature

mala prohibita

behavior that is prohibited by law

justifiable homicide definition

lawful killing of another person, such as when a law enforcement officer or a citizen kills in self defense or to defend another

• state sanctioned killings, war killing

adultery definition

sex by a married person with someone other than their spouse

• still in place in the military

driving under the influence definition

act of being under the influence of drugs or alcohol when driving

rape definition

violent crime considered mala in se that includes penetration no matter how slight of the vagina or anus with a body part or object or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person without consent of the victim

• in 2013 FBI recognized boys/men could be victims