Human Body Systems Unit 8 Knowts

Pituitary Gland

Part of the brain that controls the body’s hormones

Thyroid gland

Part of the throat that helps control the body’s hormones

Parathyroid gland

Part of the thyroid gland that helps it release hormones

Adrenal gland

The gland hormone gland located on the kidneys

Pancreas

The organ of the body that releases insulin

Testes

The male organ of the body that releases testosterone

Ovaries

The female organ of the body that releases estrogen and progesterone

Thyroxin

The hormones released by the thyroid gland that increases metabolic reactions associated with energy

Calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels, also released by the thyroid gland

Synthroid

Artificial thyroxin given to people with cretinism/hypothyroidism which means they don’t have enough of it

Hypothyroidism

A lack of Thyroxin which results in stunted growth and development

Cretenism

A child who is short and has developmental delays (basically exhibits the symptoms of hypothyroidism)

Hyperthyroidism

An excess of Thyroxin

Parathyroid Hormone

Increases blood calcium levels and lowers blood phosphorus levels

Hypercalcemia

An excess of calcium which causes osteoperosis (large bone pores)

Adrenal Medulla

Releases epinephrine, aka adrenalin

Adrenal cortex

Releases Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone), a Steroid Hormone

Epinephrine (adrenalin)

Increases metabolic rate, heart rate, breathing and blood flow the muscles during exercise

Aldosterone

Causes kidneys to retain salt and water and excrete potassium into urine

Cortisol

The stress hormone which raises blood sugar level

Addison disease

Have abnormally low cortisol levels

Cushing’s disease

Having abnormally high cortisol levels

Insulin

A hormone released by the pancreas which lowers blood sugar levels

Glucagon

Another hormone released by the pancreas which raises blood sugar levels

Diabetes Mellitus

When your body doesn’t produce or doesn’t respond to insulin causing a blood sugar inbalance

Glycogenesis

The creation of glucose

Glycogenolysis

The breaking down of glucose

Testosterone

The masculinizing Hormone produced in the testes

Estrogen

The feminizing hormone produced in the ovaries

Progesterone

The hormone that causes the vascularization of the uterus (womb), also produced by the ovaries

Human Chronic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Maintains vascularization of the womb during pregnancy, also what pregnancy tests test for

Placenta

Produces Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Gestation

Another word for pregnancy

What are the two parts of the pituitary glands

The posterior pituitary gland and the anterior pituitary gland

What two hormones are made by the posterior pituitary gland

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Causes kidneys to retain water and excrete small volumes of urine

Oxytocin

Stimulates labor contractions and milk let down during nursing

Pitocin

The synthetic version of oxytocin

What are the five hormones made by the anterior pituitary gland

Thyrotropin (TSH), Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), Gonadotropins, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin

Thyrotropin (TSH)

Stimulates Thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Stimulates egg production in females and sperm production in males

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Stimulates the production of reproduction hormones

Growth hormones

Stimulates growth in the body

Prolactin

Stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

Gonads

reproductive organs

Tropic

Affect

Adeno

Gland