FBLA

Public Finance

Management of government revenue, spending, and budgeting.

Property Tax

Primary revenue source for local governments.

Sales Tax

What regressive tax affecting lower-income earners more.

Progressive Tax

Tax rate increases as income increases.

Operating Budget

Covers day-to-day government expenses.

Capital Budget

Funds long-term projects and infrastructure.

Appropriation

Legal authorization to spend public funds.

Earmarking

Funds set aside for a specific purpose.

Deficit Spending

Spending exceeds revenue.

Municipal Bonds

Borrowing method repaid over time.

Balance Sheet

Shows assets, liabilities, and net position.

Performance-Based Budgeting

Allocates funds based on outcomes.

Office of the Inspector General

Audits public spending.

Policy Lifecycle

Agenda setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation.

Agenda Setting

Identifying issues for government action.

Distributive Policy

Benefits a specific group.

Redistributive Policy

Shifts resources among groups.

Regulatory Policy

Restricts behavior through rules.

Public Policy Goal

Measurable outcome benefiting society.

Separation of Powers

Prevents concentration of government power.

Decentralization

Transfer of authority to lower levels.

Administrative Law

Rules made by agencies.

Rulemaking

Agency creation of regulations.

Judicial Review

Courts review constitutionality of laws.

Representative Democracy

Officials represent constituents.

Direct Democracy

Citizens vote directly on laws.

Sunshine Laws

Ensure government transparency.

Participation

Citizen involvement in decision-making.

External Communication

Communication with the public or media.

Internal Communication

Communication within an agency.

Upward Communication

Employee to supervisor.

Plain Language

Clear, accessible public communication.

Emergency Communication

Social media alerts.

Active Listening

Feedback and clarification during dialogue.

Digital Communication

Online platforms for engagement.

Public Sector

Government organizations serving public interest.

State Government

Issues driver's licenses.

Government Corporation

Government-owned entity (USPS).

Civil Service

What is the merit-based public employment system.(Used to combat Spoils-System)

Spoils System

Jobs given to political supporters.

Jurisdiction

Authority to act in a given area.

Consent of the Governed

Source of government legitimacy.

Public Safety

Core public-sector service.

Management Functions

Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling.

Strategic Planning

Long-term organizational goals.

Specialization

Assigning tasks based on expertise.

Span of Control

Number of employees supervised.

Delegation

Assigning authority to others.

Performance Measurement

Evaluating efficiency and effectiveness.

Critical Path

Longest sequence of project tasks.

Outsourcing

Contracting services externally.

Capacity Building

Developing skills and leadership.

Succession Planning

Preparing future leaders.

Public Ethics

Standards guiding public officials.

Integrity

Acting in public interest even at personal cost.

Conflict of Interest

Personal gain influencing decisions.

Whistleblower Protection

Protection for reporting wrongdoing.

Fraud

Intentional misuse of public funds.

Accountability

Responsibility for actions.

Code of Ethics

Rules promoting fairness and impartiality.

Transparency

Openness in government actions and decisions.

Professionalism

Maintaining competence and ethical standards in public service.

Equity

Ensuring fair treatment and opportunity for all citizens.

Social Responsibility

Commitment to serving the public good and community welfare.