Chapter 3 - Water

Buffers

________ are essential for keeping pH levels in live cells generally constant.

Acids

________ raise the relative concentration of H+ ions in a solution, whereas bases raise the concentration of OH- ions in a solution.

Biological systems

________ can be extremely sensitive to pH fluctuations.

Covalent bonds

________ (shared electrons) exist between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water.

Oxygen

________ has a high electronegativity (ability to attract electrons), whereas hydrogen has a low electronegativity.

Water molecules

________ are "sticky, "exhibiting cohesive and adhesive properties.

Pure water

________ will dissociate and create equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions, yielding a pH of 7.