Chapter 11: Temperament, Emotions, and the Self

Lewis (1995) – Development of emotions at brith

Distress, Interest, Pleasure

Lewis (1995) – Development of emotions at 6 months

Sadness, Disgust, Anger, Fear, Surprise, Joy

Lewis (1995) – Development of emotions at 18 months

Embarrassment, Jealousy

Lewis (1995) – Development of emotions at 24 months

Guilt, Shame, Pride (self conscious emotions)

what is Emotional Development consist of

Emotional Regulation, Genes and parenting

what is Emotional Regulation

The ability to cope with and direct one’s emotions, and behavior according to the situation

what is Social Referencing

Seeking information about an unfamiliar event by observing someone else’s expressions and reactions

what is Separation anxiety

The infant becomes very upset when separated from their attachment figure.

Follows after caregiver to avoid separation

what is Stranger anxiety

The infant becomes very upset when approached by an unfamiliar person

what is Thomas & Chess study look at

Activity level – How energetic or physically active a child is.

Social inhibition – How shy or hesitant a child is in new social situations.

Irritability – How easily a child becomes frustrated or upset.

Attention/Persistence – How well a child can focus and stick with tasks.

Sensory sensitivity – How strongly a person reacts to sensory input, like sounds, lights, textures, or smells.

what are the different kinds of Temperament

Easy, Difficult, Slow-to-warm-up

what is Easy temperament

Resilient

what is Difficult temperament

Undercontrolled

what is Slow-to-warm-up temperament

Overcontrolled

what is the Goodness of Fit

between the infants’ temperament and their environment is an important predictor of positive outcomes

what is Kagan’s Social Inhibition Research

Inhibited to novelty - Quiet, vigilant, and restrained in new situations

High and low reactive

More socially inhibited toddlers at age 2 become more social anxious teens at age 13

what is Self Awareness

A person’s realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people

what is the Rouge Test

a way to check if young children recognize themselves in a mirror

This test helps researchers study self-awareness, which usually develops around 15-24 months of age