Personal Development Midterm

Self-concept, Personal Effectiveness, 5 Areas of Personal Development, The Power Triad, Development Stages, Evaluating One's Own Development, Mental Health and Wellbeing in Middle and Late Adolescence, Emotional Intelligence, Personal Relationships

Self-Development

Self-Development

• a process of discovering oneself by realizing one’s potentials and capabilities that are shaped over time either by studying in a formal school or through environmental factors.

Socrates

Know Thyself

“An unexamined life is not worth living.”

Thomas Hobbes

“Read Thyself”

• used in this phrase in The Leviathan

• He stressed an individual could learn more by studying others and that he/she can do this by engaging himself/herself to reading books.

Rene Descartes

Self-Concept

• “A person’s existence depends on their own perception.”

• Father of Modern Philosophy

Self-concept

• It is the construct that negotiates these two selves.

• is learned, organized, and dynamic

Actual self

• the self that you are

• self-image

• built on self-knowledge

Ideal self

• the self that you aspire to be

• idealized image

distress

The greater the incongruence of the two selves, the greater the level of resulting ________.

seat of consciousness

According to Rene Descartes, the mind is the _________.

B. an individual can learn more by studying others

Which explains “read thyself” of Thomas Hobbes?

A. the effort toward self- fulfillment

B. an individual can learn more by studying others

C. must not boast and attend to the opinion of others

D. learning through one’s experiences and achievements

Vironika Tugaleva

“To know yourself, you must sacrifice the illusion that you already do.”

Sigmund Freud

• He is the creator of Psychoanalytic theory: Id, Ego, Superego

Id

Psyche of Psychoanalytic Theory

• present from birth

• driven by the pleasure principle

• when __ wants it, the rest are no longer

  important

Ego

Psyche of Psychoanalytic Theory

• age of three

• socially accepted means of getting the desires/wants

• providing some guidelines

• operates according to reality

Superego

Psyche of Psychoanalytic Theory

• age of five

• morality concept: right and wrong

• believed to be acquired from family and the environment

• a combination of ego and id

Personal Effectiveness

• means making use of all the personal resources to enable you to achieve life goals.

What are the Four Quadrants of Johari’s Window?

Persistence

What makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging obstacles – problems, laziness, bad emotional state, etc.?

C. It is the ability used many times in the same situation.

Our personal effectiveness depends on our innate characteristics. Which of the following refers to our skills?

A. It is the one first identified in a person.

B. It is acquired in the process of practical activities.

C. It is the ability used many times in the same situation.

D. It is developed and used in different learning areas.

Physiological, Emotional, Social, Cognitive, Spiritual

What are the 5 areas of Personal Development?

Physiological

Areas of Personal Development

• Biological development

• Lifestyle

• Human biology

  1. the growth spurt

  2. primary sex characteristics

  3. secondary sex characteristics

• Environment

• Healthcare service

Cognitive

Areas of Personal Development

• Intellectual Changes

• Piaget’s stages of _________ development

1. Sensorimotor stage

2. Pre-operational Stage

3. Concrete Operational Stage

4. Formal Operational Stage

What are Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

1. Birth to 2 years

2. 2 to 7 years

3. 7 to 11 years

4. 12 years and up

Psychological

Areas of Personal Development

• Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development

1. Infancy; birth to 8 months

2. Early Childhood; 2-3 years

3. Preschool; 3-5 years

4. School Age; 6-11 years

5. Adolescence; 12-18 years

6. Young Adulthood; 19-40 years

7. Middle Adulthood; 40-65 years

8. Maturity; 65-death

What are Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development?

Spiritual

Areas of Personal Development

• inner essence and inner guide

• moral and ethical concept towards self

• answering my own questions, inner conflict

• spiritual growth

Social

Areas of Personal Development

• Supported by Lev Vygotsky’s Scaffolding: a theory that focuses on a student's ability to learn information through the help of a more informed individual.

C. solve problems mentally

Cognitive Development Theory of Jean Piaget promotes the child’s ability to ________.

A. judge oneself

B. solve inner conflicts

C. solve problems mentally

D. judge people’s behavior

C. spiritual

What kind of development may happen when a person seek their real purpose in life?

A. social

B. physiological

C. spiritual

D. psychological

C. social

What form of development when one works well with others and deal with conflicts between them?

A. spiritual

B. intellectual

C. social

D. psychological

Thoughts, Feelings and Actions

What are the Power Triad?

Personality Theory by Albert Bandura

We learn mostly through observations—observing others’ actions, behaviors, and the outcome of these behaviors.

C. Albert Bandura

This person is a well-known psychologist for believing that the environment determines behavior.

A. Jean Piaget

B. Erik Erikson

C. Albert Bandura

D. Sigmund Freud

Our thoughts (thinking), feelings, and behavior influence the environment (and those merely observing).

What are our sphere of influence?

D. Behavior

It consists of an organism's external reactions to its environment.

A. Emotion

B. Feelings

C. Thought

D. Behavior

C. Decision

This is made from our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

A. Emotion

B. Behavior

C. Decision

D. Situation

D. Action

Sir George saw one of his students cheating in the class. He called the attention of the student after class and said he was sad of what his student did. When the teacher called the student after class, he used:

A. Feelings

B. Thoughts

C. Emotion

D. Action

Pre-natal(Conception to birth)

Developmental Stage

• Age when hereditary endowments and sex are fixed and all body features, both external and internal are developed.

Infancy(Birth to 2 years)

Developmental Stage

• Foundation age when basic behaviors are organized and many ontogenetic maturation skills are developed.

• Task: walk, talk, solid food, physical skills, getting along well with age-mates, 3Rs, sex role towards society

Early Childhood(2 to 6 years)

Developmental Stage

• Pre-gang age, exploratory, and questioning.

• Language and elementary reasoning are acquired, and initial socialization is experienced.

• Task: walk, talk, solid food, physical skills, getting along well with age-mates, 3Rs, sex role towards society

Middle Childhood(6 to 11 years)

Developmental Stage

• Gang and creativity age when self-help skills, social skills, school skills, and play are developed.

• Task: walk, talk, solid food, physical skills, getting along well with age-mates, 3Rs, sex role towards society

Adolescence(10-12 to 18 to 21 years)

Developmental Stage

• Transition age from childhood to adulthood when sex maturation and rapid physical development occurs resulting in changes in ways of feeling,

  thinking and acting[Puberty].

• Task: social role, emotional independence, career, ethical system

Early Adolescence(10 to 13 years)

Stage of Adolescence

• body change, privacy, independence from family

Middle Adolescenece(14 to 17 years)

Stage of Adolescence

• continued body changes, romantic and sexual relationships, sexual identity, appearance consciousness, peer belongingness

Late Adolescence(18 to 21 years)

Stage of Adolescence

• full height, own values, stable friendships and relationships, future focused

Early Adulthood(20 to 30 years)

Developmental Stage

• Time to establish personal and economic independence, career development, select a mate, learn to live with someone in an intimate way, start a family and reare children.

• Task: mate selection, family, children, home, responsibility

Middle Adulthood(30 to 60 years)

Developmental Stage

• Time of spending personal and social involvement and responsibility.

• Assisting the next generation in becoming competent and mature individuals, reaching and maintaining satisfaction in a career.

• Task: career achievement, adult

  social and civic responsibility

Late Adulthood(60 above)

Developmental Stage

• Time for adjustment to decreasing stretch and health, life review, retirement and adjustment to new social roles.

• Task: retirement, social and civic obligations, adjustments

A. Development

This is how a person grows and changes through life.

A. Development

B. Stages

C. Tasks

D. Personal Development

B. Robert Havighurst

Which of these psychologists developed the developmental task model?

A. John Havighurst

B. Robert Havighurst

C. Stephen Havighurst

D. Steve Havighurst

Parents

Influential People

• These are the people who introduced you to life.

• first people who introduced you to life

• provided shelter, protection, sense of security

• concept of home

• largest role in a person’s mental, emotional,

  physical, and social development

• integral part of your personality

• involved with child’s education

• _______’ advices

Peers

Influential People

• They serve as your extended siblings from other families.

• extended siblings who came from different families

• gives a sense of belongingness

• teaches the value of love, respect, understanding, and acceptance and helps improve social connection, emotional stability, and intellectual capacity

• supports only what is good and reject what is

  not, refuses to tolerate unacceptable behavior

  and seeks to correct shortcomings

• they share mutual interest, hobbies, and aspirations

Teachers

Influential People

• They help you discover your inner potential and value knowledge at the same time.

• second parents in school

• helps improve intellectual and emotional capacity

• provides impacts toward self-realization and self-discovery

• walks along the progress of learners

• role model in class

Siblings

Influential People

• As you grow older with them, you would realize that you are creating a special bond with each other.

• friends within a family

• extends valuable help

• teaches the concept of socialization, mutual understanding, and respect

• like friendship, sibling relationships require communication and acceptance

Community Leaders

Influential People

• They get you inspired to serve other people within the community.

• provide network connections and linkages among other parts of the community

• outreach programs, social activities, volunteer works

• model innovation

• setting a good example by following their own policies

• persuade others to follow them; thus generating programs to address people’s needs

• servant-leaders

A. guiding principles and beliefs of a person

What is the best definition of core values?

A. guiding principles and beliefs of a person

B. set of tradition and culture in a particular place

C. untoward traits and habits of a person

D. guiding rules and set of obligations to fulfill

D. Conflict that a child experience in life serves as a form of development.

Which best defines psychological development?

A. It is related to child’s moral and ethical concept of self.

B. It is the first noticeable changes that occur in a man’s life.

C. Conflict is the inevitable things that one encounters in life.

D. Conflict that a child experience in life serves as a form of development.

C. peers

This is the most important agent in socialization.

A. teachers

B. parents

C. peers

D. community leaders

B. socialization

This is an effective human-interaction where adolescents are exposed to many learning opportunities and personal development.

A. experimentation

B. socialization

C. organization

D. observation

C. peers

These people refuses to tolerate unacceptable behavior and seeks to correct shortcomings.

A. teachers

B. parents

C. peers

D. community leaders

C. Knowing oneself is a process that is developed through self-discovery.

What is meant by “knowing others is intelligence, while knowing yourself is true wisdom”?

A. Self-concept is a great power of mind.

B. Knowing oneself is achieving a higher level of thinking.

C. Knowing oneself is a process that is developed through self-discovery.

D. Self-concept is a kind of intelligence that is developed through education.

D. Knowing oneself will allow one to respond to a situation according to his/her behavior.

Why did Lao Tzu say that mastering yourself is true power?

A. Mastering ones personality will give you courage to do everything.

B. Knowing yourself will effectively increase your strength and positive traits.

C. Being familiar with one’s personality is really an advantage for one to outstand the rest.

D. Knowing oneself will allow one to respond to a situation according to his/her behavior.

adolescence

Mental illness tends to begin during ___________

more likely

A person who has one or two parents with mental illness are ____ ______ to develop mental illness

Mental Wellness

• refers to positive mental health

• Maintaining and striving for mental ________ is equivalent to working towards good mental health

Mental Health

• refers to cognitive, behavioral and emotional well-being

• it affects how we think, feels and behave; this includes how we handle stress, relate to others and make choices

Mental Illness

• refers to mental health disorders

• these are conditions that affect your mood, thinking and behavior

• comes in many forms, each with their own symptoms and treatment

Anorexia nervosa

Common Eating Disorders

• People with this disorder generally view themselves as overweight, even if they’re dangerously underweight. They tend to constantly monitor their weight, avoid eating certain types of foods, and severely restrict their calorie intake.

Bulimia nervosa

Common Eating Disorders

• Individuals with this disorder then attempt to purge to compensate for the calories consumed and to relieve gut discomfort.

• Common purging behaviors include forced vomiting, fasting, laxatives, diuretics, enemas, and excessive exercise.

Binge eating disorder

Common Eating Disorders

• Individuals with this disorder typically eat substantial amounts of food in relatively short periods and feel a lack of control during binges.

• They do not restrict calories or use purging behaviors, such as vomiting or excessive exercise, to compensate for their binges

Pica

Common Eating Disorders

• an eating disorder that involves eating things that are not considered food and that do not provide nutritional value

• Individuals with this condition crave non-food substances such as ice, dirt, soil, chalk, soap, paper, hair, cloth, wool, pebbles, laundry detergent, or cornstarch

Rumination disorders

Common Eating Disorders

• Describes a condition in which a person regurgitates food they have previously chewed and swallowed, re-chews it, and then either re-swallows it or spits it out

Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder

Common Eating Disorders

• Individuals with this disorder experience disturbed eating due to either a lack of interest in eating or a distaste for certain smells, tastes, colors, textures, or temperatures.

Emotional Intelligence

• the ability to understand, use and manage our emotions

Passive Response

• Behaving _________ means not expressing your own needs and feelings or expressing them so weakly that they will not be addressed.

Aggressive Response

• Behaving ____________ is asking for what you want or saying how you feel in a threatening, sarcastic, or humiliating way that may offend the other person.

Assertive Response

• Behaving __________ means asking for what you want or saying how you feel in an honest and respectful way that does not infringe on another person's rights or put the individual down.

Relationship

• how two or more people, groups, countries, etc., talk to, behave toward, and deal with each other

• a state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection)

Personal Relationship

• closely associated with a person and which can only have meaning to this person

• characterized by privacy and intimacy

Family

Kinds of Personal Relationship

• "two or more persons who are related by birth,

  marriage, or adoption and who live together as

  one household." (Bureau of Census)

Friends

Kinds of Personal Relationship

• a close tie between two people that are often built upon mutual experiences, shared interests, proximity, and emotional bonding

Partnerships

Kinds of Personal Relationship

• Romantic ____________, including marriage, are

  close relationships formed between two people that are built upon affection, trust, intimacy, and romantic love.

Attraction

• the act, power, or property of attracting

• attractive quality; magnetic charm; fascination; allurement; enticement

• a person or thing that draws, attracts, allures, or entices

Commitment

• the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action

• a message that makes a pledge

Responsibility

• the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

• a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being

  answerable to someone for

• something or being responsible for one’s conduct

Love

• strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personalities <maternal love for a child>

• attraction based on sexual desire : affection and tenderness <lovers>

• affection based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests <love for his old schoolmates>

Secure

Attachment Styles

• Empathetic and able to set appropriate boundaries, people with ______ attachments tend to feel safe, stable, and more satisfied in their close relationships.

• While they don’t fear being on their own, they usually thrive in close, meaningful relationships.

Anxious Ambivalent

Attachment Styles

• tend to be overly needy.

• As the labels suggest, people with this attachment style are often anxious and uncertain, lacking in self-esteem.

• They crave emotional intimacy but worry that others don’t want to be with them.

Anxious Avoidant

Attachment Styles

• the opposite of those who are ambivalent.

• Instead of craving intimacy, they’re so wary of closeness they try to avoid emotional connection with others.

• They’d rather not rely on others or have others rely on them.

Anxious Disorganized

Attachment Styles

• referred to as fearful-avoidant attachment, stems from intense fear, often as a result of childhood trauma, neglect, or abuse.

• Adults with this style of insecure attachment tend to feel they don’t deserve love or closeness in a relationship.

Foster Family

Family Structures

• One or more of the children is legally a temporary member of the household.

• This "temporary" period may be as short as a few days or as long as the child's entire childhood

Extended Family

Family Structures

• It consists of parents and children, grandparents, grandchildren, aunts or uncles, cousins, etc.

• In some circumstances, the _______ family comes to live either with or in place of a member of the nuclear family.

Migrant Family

Family Structures

• The family moves regularly to places where they have employment

  EXAMPLES: farm workers who move with the crop seasons; military families

Trans-Racial Adoptive Family

Family Structures

• The adopted child is of a different racial identity group than the parent.

Nuclear Family

Family Structures

• It consists of at most a father, mother, and dependent children / the "traditional" family.

Immigrant Family

Family Structures

• A family where the parents have immigrated to another country as adults.

• Their children may or may not be immigrants. Some family members may continue to live in the country of origin, but still be significant figures in the life of the child.

Single Parent Family

Family Structures

• Either a father or a mother who is singly responsible for the raising of a child (biological or adopted);

• may be a ______ ______ by choice or by life circumstances

Gay or Lesbian Family

Family Structures

• A family where one or both of the parents' sexual orientation is gay or lesbian.

• This may be a two-parent family, an adoptive family, a single-parent family, or an extended family.

Conditionally Separated Family

Family Structures

• A member is separated from the rest of the family (due to employment far away; military service; incarceration; hospitalization).

• They remain significant members of the family.

Step Family/Blended Family

Family Structures

• Two families were brought together due to divorce, separation, and remarriage.