Causes of The American Revolution

New France

France’s New North American Empire

Fort Duquesne

The French built it in the Ohio Valley, land claimed in Virginia

George Washington

Leader of the Continental Army, responsible for the French and Indian War, British troops tried to create Fort Necessity nearby but had to surrender to the French, making the situation worse (in 1754)

Fort Necessity

The site of the first battle in the French and Indian War

French & Indian War

Fourth war between Britain and France

Albany Plan of Union

Join or Die snake, trying to unify the colonies

Treaty of Paris 1763

Land divided between Britain, Spain, and France is gone from North America

Pontiac

Ottawa leader, fear of loss of land, captured British forts

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists cannot settle west of Appalachians

Stamp Act (1765)

Direct tax on the colonists, Parliament's first serious attempt to assert authority

Samuel Adams

commissioned Paul Revere to make engraving propaganda

Sons of Liberty

a well-organized Patriot paramilitary political organization, boarded three British ships, dumped 18,000 pounds of tea

Patrick Henry

“Virginians can only be taxed by Virginia”

Stamp Act Congress

Separate colonies act as 1, boycotted the goods

Declaration of Rights & Grievances

“no taxation without representation”

Townshend Acts (1767)

indirect tax on imported goods, 3 penny tax on tea, colonisst boycotted these goods

Liberty

seized by the British, governor asks for help controlling Boston, British station 2000 troops in Boston

Boston Massacre

British soldiers and colonists competing for jobs, 5 dead, Sam Adams commissions Paul Revere to make engraving propaganda

Gaspee Incident

colonists in RI burn British custom ship

Committee of Correspondence

was established after the Gaspee Incident

Tea Act

British E.I.C. hurt by boycotts, given monopoly on colonial tea trade, sell tea tax free to colonists ( but they cut out colonial merchants)

Boston Tea Party

Sons of Liberty board 3 British ships, Dump 18,000 pounds of tea into Harbor, Philly/NY/Charleston boycott tea

Intolerable Acts

Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, The Quartering Act, The Quebec Act, General Thomas Gage →  new military gov.

Martial Law

the temporary substitution of military authority for civilian rule

1st Continental Congress

12 / 13 colonies send delegates, Declaration of Colonial Rights, Colonial boycott → 97% drop in 1775, defend colonies, support Mass, “Minutemen” are formed

Minutemen

soldiers ready at a minute's notice

Lexington & Concord

The British Army set out from Boston to capture rebel leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock in Lexington and destroy the Americans' store of weapons and ammunition in Concord, “Shot heard round the world”

Aftermath of Lexington & Concord

British soldiers march back to Boston, Consequences for colonists, Siege of Boston / Evacuation Day