bold and italicized terms
root system that penetrates the ground with relatively little branching
taproots
another name for taproots
primary roots
taproots that enlarge to store large quantities of food
fleshy roots
examples of plants with fleshy roots
carrots, beets, dandelions
roots of grasses and monocots that have no main section but spread out with thin roots forming a tangled mass
fibrous roots
roots that arise from the stem
adventitious roots
protective layer covering the outer part of a root
epidermis
long, finger-like projections developed from the epidermis
root hairs
the root's food storage region inside the epidermis
root cortex
contains xylem and phloem tissues (surrounded by the cortex)
central vascular cylinder
another name for the central vascular cylinder
stele
main growing region near the tip of the root / responsible for forming the epidermis, cortex, and vascular cylinder
apical meristem
region closest to the end of the root tip
meristematic region
region just above the meristematic region/ cells increase in length, pushing the root further into the soil
region of elongation
region of growth in which cells organize into the vascular cylinder (root hairs grow from this section)
maturation region
at the tip of the root, providing a covering
root cap
growth later of meristematic cells between the xylem and the phloem
vascular cambium
forms beneath the epidermis in later stages of secondary growth
cork cambium
allows some substances to diffuse through it but not other substances
semipermeable
one-way diffusion through a semipermiable membrane
osmosis
upward flow of water and absorbed minerals through the xylem tubes
sap stream
the osmotic force that helps move water to the vascular cylinder
root pressure
the upward movement of liquids through a very narrow tube
capillarity
attracrion of water molecules to the surface of the xylem tubes (opposite attraction)
adhesion
molecules' attraction to each other (same attraction)
cohesion
cheif force that draws water up the stem
transpiration pull