Final Exam Review - Social Studies 10-1

Global corporations

A company based in one country while developing and manufacturing it's products or delivering it's goods or services in more than one country.

Homogenization

Erasing the differences among people and as a result, they become increasingly similar

Pop culture

The culture of the people. Current cultural trends that are spread by commercialized media.

Critics of globalization say that American media giants have the resources to dictate what becomes mainstream globally.

Global migration

The act of moving to live permanently in a foreign country. Otherwise known as immigration.

Politics

The growth of the worldwide political system, both in size and complexity. The functions and debate that result in our governments functioning.

Francophone

Someone who's primary language is French.

Duty/tariff

Taxes placed upon trade by the country of destination.
e.g. tariffs on softwood lumber imposed by the Americans

CRTC

A federal government body designed to preserve and protect Canada's cultural identity by implementing Cultural Content Laws that prioritize Canadian voices and Canadian stories. They enforce quotas for Canadian content on radio, TV and the web.

Foreign

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations

Mercantilism

Strict control of the trade where the balance of trade had to favour the home country. It's exports must be higher than it's imports.

Money to the monarch to establish a monopoly on trade

Privatization

The government selling off a publicly owned entity to a private company.

Indicator

A statistic about economic activity.

Aboriginal

inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists; indigenous.

Trans-Atlantic

Across the Atlantic Ocean; linking together South America, Africa, North America and Europe.

Legacy

Something that has been passed on by those who lived in the past

Neo-colonialism

Modern colonialism as a further development of capitalism that enables capitalist powers to dominate subject nations through the operations of international capitalism rather than by means of direct rule.

Industrial Revolution

The transformation of the world in the 1800s from an agricultural, primitive world into an industry-based one. e.g. the printing press, the spread of knowledge

Stewardship

Accepting responsibility for ensuring that the earth's resources remain sustainable.

Continental trade

Trade within a continent; e.g. the European Union or NAFTA

Fair trade

trade that satisfies certain criteria on the supply chain of the goods involved, usually including fair payment and treatment for producers

CIDA

A federal Canadian organization that administered foreign aid programs in developing countries.

Outsourcing

Reducing costs by using suppliers of products and services in less developed parts of the world.

e.g. Indian call centres

Marginalization/marginalize

Placing a person or groups of people in positions of lesser importance, influence, power or prevalence.

e.g. marginalized communities such as African Americans.

Public service/public enterprise

Services owned and provided by the government for the general use of citizens. This includes healthcare and policing services. Paid for by tax dollars.

Eradicate

To completely remove something from an area

world trade organization

an international organization based in Geneva that monitors and enforces rules governing global trade

Formed from GATT in 1995; has binding powers to enforce these rules.

Activist

advocating or engaged in activism

Environmental degradation

The deterioration of the environment.

strife

bitter conflict; heated often violent dissension

diversity

the practice or quality of including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and of different genders, sexual orientations, etc.

Interdependence

International dependency upon one another in an attempt to reduce conflict. Can result in major supply chain issues.

Universalization

The creators of pop culture being able to sell their products anywhere in the world, and this has led to pop culture becoming mainstream across the world.

Intermarriage

Marriage between people of different races, castes or religions.

Economics

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

Anglophone

Someone who's primary language is English.

Subsidy

A grant paid by the government to cover the cost of manufacturing or providing something in order to reduce the cost of something for consumers.

Can-Con

Canadian content on radio, television or the web. Comes under the jurisdiction of the CRTC.

Domestic

Pertaining to local and national affairs.

Eurocentric

A view that biases and favours Europeans and European views.

Civilization

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

Superiority

the quality of being at a competitive advantage, whether true or not.

Aztecs

The people that were once of Mexico. They were killed by Spanish colonizers over conflicts regarding gold.

Sudan

a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956. Still ridden with tons of violence as a result of divisions fostered during it's colonization.

Contemporary

The modern period of globalization, starting after World War I.

Residential Schools

Schools set up and ran by the Canadian government to teach First Nation students and kill the Indian within them.

revival

to reawake life or interest in something

The 1%

The top 1% of society that controls the majority of wealth in the world.

Hemispheric trade

Trade that is based around a hemisphere; e.g. north atlantic trade.

FTA/NAFTA

The North American Free Trade Agreement between Canada, the US and Mexico that helped Mexico become and industrialized country.

Trade agreement

An agreement between two or more countries designed to foster interdependence and international trade between them. The countries involved usually give each other preferential treatment in respect to trade.

Laissez-faire

An economic theory based around leaving it as it is; no government intervention.

Impoverished

In poverty and unable or nearly unable to support themselves and their families.

prosperity

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

World Bank

Formed as a result of the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference.

Original goals:
Lend money to war-torn countries, speed up industrialization and economic progress, help develop natural resources, negotiate long-term loans to increase productivity in countries

Current goals: Increase growth and reduce poverty in developing countries, fund infrastructure projects

Legislators

Politicians responsible to craft and pass legislation pertaining to their area of representation.

Proponent

Someone who supports something

Disparity

inequality or difference in some respect

Cultural diversity

Diverse in culture, customs and traditions and the way peoples do things.

Revitalize

give new life or vigor to

Capitalism

an economic system based on private ownership of capital; individualism, private ownership and competition.

Right wing; whatever is better for the individual is better for society as a whole

Multi-dimensional

Touches multiple facets of globalization

Acadian

an early French settler in the Maritimes

Subsidiary

A company within/owned by another company.

Bill 101

Bill in Quebec that prioritized the French Language; such as a requirement for French language signs. People consider this an attack on language rights.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power by acquiring new territories and establishing control over other countries and peoples, motivated by trade.

Cheap raw materials and a market for goods from the home country.

ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

depopulation

the condition of having reduced numbers of inhabitants

Cash crops

Agricultural crops that were considered very lucrative, e.g. bananas, tobacco

Instability

Periods of economic turmoil; with no certainty and high volatility

Exploitation/exploitative

To improperly treat workers, land or resources; often involving varying levels of abuse.

EU

A liberalized trading area in Europe that has it's own currency and political body.

Trade union

A body designed to represent workers through the power of collective bargaining and sheer numbers.

Consumerism

the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial

ecology

the environment as it relates to living organisms

International Monetary Fund

a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies

Formed as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference

Original goals:
Promote economic stability and promote trade
Set dependable interest rates based on the US Dollar

Current goals:
Provide emergency short-term loans to countries
Promote good governance with the use of loans

John Maynard Keynes

Left wing economist who believed in a high level of economic autonomy

Pressure groups

Groups designed to pressure the government and international bodies; e.g. Greenpeace

Reparations

Payments made to countries after a war as a form of punishment and a way to pay for a country's rebuilding.

Hybridization

The process by which a cultural element blends into another culture by modifying the element to fit cultural norms

Biodiversity

the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat

Hyphenated identity

A dual identity; an identity combined with elements of another.

democratization

the action of making something democratic

Global Village

Term coined by Marshall McLuhan that refers to the global (yet still local) connections that are being formed in the world

Taxation

the imposition of taxes; the practice of the government in levying taxes on the subjects of a state

quota

a prescribed number; a requirement

colonialism

exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one; the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country

Crown corporation

A corporation owned by the government

westernization

assimilation of Western culture; the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization

injustice

the practice of being unjust or unfair

americanization

assimilation into American culture

Sustainability

The ability of the earth to fulfill it's need for resources

deregulation

the act of freeing from regulation

free trade

international trade free of government interference through the form of barriers, regulations or tariffs.

NGO

A non-profit organization that operates independently of any government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue.

Anti-globalization

Against globalization; working/advocating against; reversing globalization

Foreign investment

Investment in a country from a foreign entity.

Trade liberalization

The removal of barriers to trade, such as tariffs and regulations.

G8/G7

Group of 7 nations; the most influential in the world. Used to be 8 with Russia.

Adam Smith

Right wing economist that believed in capitalism and a heavily laisse-fair economic system