APUSH Period 5 Vocab

Andrew Johnson

17th President, known for Reconstruction policies.

Black Codes

Laws restricting African American freedoms post-Civil War.

Booker T. Washington

Educator advocating for vocational training for blacks.

Carpetbagger

Northerner who moved South post-Civil War for profit.

Charles Sumner

Senator and leading abolitionist during Reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction, withdrew federal troops from South.

Crop-lien system

Credit system for sharecroppers using crops as collateral.

Enforcement Acts

Laws to protect African Americans' voting rights.

Fifteenth Amendment

Prohibits denying voting rights based on race.

Fourteenth Amendment

Grants citizenship and equal protection to all.

Freedmen's Bureau

Agency assisting freed slaves with education and jobs.

Ida B. Wells

Journalist and activist against lynching and racism.

Impeachment

Process to remove a president from office.

Jim Crow laws

State laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacist group formed to intimidate blacks.

Minstrel show

Theatrical entertainment featuring racist caricatures.

The "New" South

Term for post-Reconstruction Southern economic modernization.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case upholding 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Radical Republicans

Political faction advocating for harsh Reconstruction policies.

Reconstruction

Period of rebuilding the South after the Civil War.

Redeemers

Southern Democrats who aimed to restore white supremacy.

Scalawag

Southern whites collaborating with Northern Republicans.

Sharecropping

Agricultural system where farmers rent land for crops.

Thaddeus Stevens

Leader of Radical Republicans in the House.

Ulysses S. Grant

18th President and Union general during Civil War.

Wade-Davis Bill

Proposal for Reconstruction requiring majority loyalty oaths.

William H. Seward

Secretary of State known for purchasing Alaska.

Antietam

Bloodiest single-day battle in American history.

Appomattox Court House

Site of Confederate surrender ending the Civil War.

Confederate States of America

Government formed by Southern states seceding from Union.

Confiscation Acts

Laws allowing Union to seize Confederate property.

Conscription

Mandatory enlistment for military service.

Emancipation Proclamation

Executive order freeing slaves in Confederate states.

First Battle of Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War, Confederate victory.

Fort Sumter

First battle of the Civil War, Confederate attack.

George B. McClellan

Union general known for cautious military strategies.

Gettysburg

Turning point battle of the Civil War, Union victory.

Greenbacks

Paper currency issued during the Civil War.

Homestead Act

Law granting land to settlers for farming.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general known for military leadership.

Shiloh

Major early battle in the Western Theater of the war.

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

Thomas J. ("Stonewall") Jackson

Confederate general known for his tactical prowess.

United States Sanitary Commission

Organization improving medical care for Union soldiers.

William T. Sherman

Union general known for his 'March to the Sea.'

Abraham Lincoln

16th President, led the nation during the Civil War.

Alamo

Site of a pivotal battle in Texas Revolution.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Mexican general and president during the Texas Revolution.

Compromise of 1850

Series of laws addressing slavery and territorial issues.

Dred Scott decision

Supreme Court ruling denying citizenship to slaves.

Forty-niners

Gold rush migrants to California in 1849.

Free-Soil Party

Political party opposing the expansion of slavery.

Gadsden Purchase

1853 land purchase to facilitate southern transcontinental railroad.

Harpers Ferry

Site of John Brown's raid against slavery.

James K. Polk

11th President, expanded U.S. territory significantly.

John Brown

Abolitionist who led violent raids against slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed territories to decide on slavery via popular sovereignty.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in the U.S. expansion across North America.

Oregon Trail

Route for westward migration to Oregon Territory.

Popular sovereignty

Idea that territories should decide on slavery themselves.

Sam Houston

Leader of Texan forces during the Texas Revolution.

Stephen A. Douglas

Senator known for debates with Lincoln and popular sovereignty.

Stephen F. Austin

Father of Texas, led early settlers into Texas.

Tejanos

Mexican residents of Texas during the 19th century.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended Mexican-American War, ceded territory to U.S.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposal to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico.

Zachary Taylor

12th President and military leader in the Mexican-American War.