afib

Risk factors for atrial fibrillation include advanced age, hypertension, __________, smoking, obesity, and sleep apnea.

diabetes mellitus

Intrinsic cardiac disorders that can lead to atrial fibrillation include coronary artery disease, __________ heart disease, and congestive heart failure.

valvular

The acronym PARASITE helps to memorize major risk factors for acute Afib: P – __________; A – Anemia; R – Rheumatic heart disease.

Pulmonary disease

Unstable Afib manifests with signs of __________ instability, such as chest pain and hypotension.

hemodynamic

Afib with a ventricular rate greater than __________ is classified as tachycardic Afib.

100–110/minute

Persistent Afib is defined as continuous Afib for __________ days.

7

ECG findings characteristic of atrial fibrillation include irregularly irregular RR __________.

intervals

In atrial fibrillation, P waves are __________ and fibrillatory waves (f waves) are observed instead.

indiscernible

The CHA2DS2-VASc score is used to assess the risk of __________ in patients with atrial fibrillation.

stroke

The HAS-BLED score assesses the risk of __________ in patients starting anticoagulation.

bleeding

Long-term anticoagulation is favored in atrial fibrillation with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of __________ in men or __________ in women.

≥ 2; ≥ 3

Before performing cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation, it's important to rule out __________.

thrombi

Initial management strategy for new stable patients with Afib typically involves __________ control.

rate

For patients with unstable Afib, emergency __________ cardioversion should be performed.

electrical

Reversible causes of atrial fibrillation include electrolyte imbalances, __________, and excess caffeine.

hyperthyroidism

Atrial fibrillation is a type of __________ arrhythmia.

supraventricular

A patient with Afib presenting with chest pain and altered mental status is likely experiencing __________ Afib.

unstable

Pharmacological options for rate control in Afib include beta blockers and __________ channel blockers.

nondihydropyridine

The goal of rhythm control in atrial fibrillation is to restore and maintain __________ rhythm.

sinus

____________ refers to rapid focal ectopic firing which can sustain Afib.

Re-entry rhythms

The acronym __________ helps to memorize major risk factors for acute Afib: P – Pulmonary disease; A – Anemia; R – Rheumatic heart disease.

PARASITE