DRRR Midterms Exam Reviewer

ELEMENTS AT RISK

ELEMENTS AT RISK

are the people, properties, economy, private and public services that are threatened by a harmful event.

RISK ASSESSMENT

identify and map the elements at risk and assess their vulnerability.

RISK

is also a function of hazard.

HAZARD

the probability of an occurrence at a given magnitude.

EXPOSED ELEMENT

number of people or structures within the exposed area.

PhExp = Hazard x Exposure

The combination of both hazard and exposed population provides the physical exposure:

EXPOSURE

the total population living in the affected area for each event.

SOCIAL

concerns such a migration, health and well-being, education, culture, institutions, government, demography

POPULATION DENSITY MAPS

are excellent indicators of exposure and vulnerability.

ENVIRONMENTAL

physical aspects of exposure and vulnerability refer to location and built structures.

ENVIRONMENTAL

aspects of exposure and vulnerability encompass those beyond the physical dimensions.

ECONOMIC

business interruptions due to accessibility problems, loss of jobs, and access to work, and loss of government income

ESSENTIAL FACILITIES, INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES, TRANSPORTATION LIFELINES, UTILITY LIFELINES

List of the Physical Elements Exposed to Various Hazards:

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITICES, EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES, GOVERNMENT OFFICES, RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST FACILITIES, PLACES OF WORSHIP, BANKS AND FINANCIAL CENTERS, MARKETS AND SHOPPING CENTERS, CEMETERIES

Essential Facilities Exposed to Various Hazards:

DAMS AND PONDS. FUEL RESERVOIRS, PIPELINES, AND PUMPS. POWER (ELECTRIC) GENERATING PLANTS AND LINES. MULTI-PURPOSE HYDROPOWER PLANTS, WATER TANKS AND LINES. FOOD PROCESSING FACILTIES

Industrial Facilities Exposed to Various Hazards:

HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, RAILWAY TRACKS, AND TUNNELS. BUS FACILITIES. PORT AND HARBOR FACILITIES. AIRPORT FACILITIES AND RUNWAYS

Transportation Lifelines Exposed to Various Hazards:

POTABLE WATER FACILTIES, WASTEWATER FACILITIES, PIPELINES, AND DISTRIBUTION LINES

Utility Lifelines Exposed to Various Hazards:

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP) VULNERABILITY

the degree of loss to each element should a hazard of a given severity occur.

SOCIAL

certain population groups may be more vulnerable than others.

ENVIRONMENTAL

developing nation face more exposure and vulnerability.

ENVIRONMENTAL

rapid urbanization in hazardous areas heightened vulnerability to disaster risk.

ECONOMIC

susceptibility of individuals, communities, business, and governments to absorb the effects of hazard event.

PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES, CHILDREN, SENIORS, MEDICATION-DEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS, WOMEN(SINGLE/SINGLE PARENT/UNEMPLOYED), ETHNIC MINORITIES, ABORIGINAL, OR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HOMELESS OR “STREET PEOPLE”, INCARCERATED INDIVIDUALS, MARGINALIZED GROUPS

List of Vulnerable Population:

QUANTIFYING VULNERABILITY

measuring the quantity of vulnerability and loss is useful in estimating how much mitigation and preparedness measures shall be prepared.

0

lowest degree of vulnerability

1

highest degree of vulnerability

FOR PEOPLE

vulnerability can be measured as ratio of casualties or injured to the total of population.

FOR BUIDINGS

vulnerability can be expressed as a repair cost or as the degree of physical damage.

SITUATION SPECIFIC

depends on the preparedness of certain people.

HAZARD SPECIFIC

depends on the characteristics of the hazard.